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1、Grammar 现在完成时(Present perfect tense)(一) 现在完成时的基本用法：1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。I have finished my work.We have set up many new factories.2. 动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果、影响等。Have you ever seen the film “Harry Potter”?Ive spent 3 years in the countryside.3. 表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续 到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去, 句中 使用持续性动词, 且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。I
2、ve been an English teacher for about 20 years.(二) 使用现在完成时的句型 1) 现在完成时+since + 点时间状语(名词 、短语、从句,其中从句用一般过去时) 2) 现在完成时+ for+ 段时间状语 3) It / This is the first /其他序数词/ last time + that 从句中,从句使用现在完成时。现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作 对现在造成的结果或影响, 强调的是现在的情况,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用; 一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过, 与现在不发生联系,它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用
3、。(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:He has read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容) He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书 ) He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地, 在美国) He went to America. (只说明他去过美国)(四) 终止性动词与延续性动词： 1. 终止性动词: 表示短暂的运动状态, 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常 用的动词有: come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, m
4、arry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。2. 延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的动词有: live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等arrive be here begin(start)be on arrive be here begin(start)be on die be dead come back be
5、 back die be dead come back be back leave be away leave be away fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep)fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep)get up be up get up be up go out be out go out be outfinish be over put on wear finish be over put on wear 或或be onbe onopen be open open be open join be
6、 injoin be in或或 be a member ofbe a member ofclose be closed close be closed go to school be a studentgo to school be a studentborrow keep buy have borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know knowbegin to study study come to work work begin
7、to study study come to work work等等注意注意：如果现在完成时的谓语动词：如果现在完成时的谓语动词 是结束性动词的否定式，则通常可以是结束性动词的否定式，则通常可以 和表示一段时间的和表示一段时间的forfor短语连用短语连用. . e.g. e.g. He has not left home for a monthHe has not left home for a month. .他已经一个月没有出家门了。他已经一个月没有出家门了。 I havent seen him for a few days.I havent seen him for a few day
8、s. 我已经好几天没看见他了。我已经好几天没看见他了。1. - How are you today?- Oh, I _ as ill as I do today for a very long time.A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt2. - _ David and Vicky _married?- For about three years.A. How long have been B. How long have got C. How long were being D. How long did ge
9、t3. It is the third time you _ late this week.A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. are arriving 4. - Did you enjoy your holiday?- Wonderful. It is years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. when C. before D. since5. When I was at college, I _ three foreign languages, but I _all except a fe
10、w words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken ; have forgotten6. - Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.- I _ right here. But now itsgone.A. did you put; have put B. had you put; was puttingC. have you put; put D. were you putting
11、; have put7. The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. was going down D. has gone down 8. They are discussing the problem the whole afternoon, but they _ a decision so far.A. didnt reach B. wont arrive at C. havent come to D . all above9. I have bought an En
12、glish-Chinese dictionary.When and where _ you _ it?A. do; buy B. did; buy C. have; bought D. had; bought10. I heard the peasants here _ very poor in the past. Yes, but there _ great changes in the past few years.A. were; were B. have been; have been C. have been; were D. were; have beenmovedComplete
13、 the conversation. Use the preset tense of the verbs in brackets, andfor or since where appropriate. Mike: Hi, Kate. Kate: Hi, Mike. Mike: I havent seen your brother for a long time. _ he _ (move ) to a new neighborhood? HasKate: No, he _ _ (move ) to a new country! He _ _ (be) in Australia _ last y
14、ear. Mike: Australia! Thats great country. _ you ever _ (be) there?hasnt movedhas been sinceHave beenKate: No, I _ never _ (be) there, but I _ _ (decide) to go later this year. Mike: Great! _ your brother _ (send) you any photos _ he moved there?have have decidedHas sincebeensent Kate: Yes, in fact, I _ just _
