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1、从词汇能力的培养看 新课标英语的教学理念曾用强 广东外语外贸大学一、词汇能力的定义u词汇是语言的基本构成 误解词汇能力=词汇量 语言学习=词汇记忆 困惑学英语最头疼的是背单词! 阅读时最怕遇到的是生词！ 写作时最大的障碍是找不到词! 高考时最难解的题是完形填空!你认为认为 ，学生在写作文时时最薄弱的是什么？A=精确度; G=语语法; S=句法结结构; V=词汇词汇 ; CE=汉汉式英语语; C=连贯连贯 ; T=思想内容AGSVCECT频频数6111414491高考题型难易度调查讨论词汇记忆u该记忆哪些单词？u该记忆这些单词的哪些内容？u该如何记忆这些单词？A级词汇：正确拼写、理解词义并能够应
2、用于语言理解和写作中； B级词汇：猜测词义，但不一定会正确拼写和应用； C级词汇：只能利用构词知识和上下文语境猜测它们的词义。 形式结 构意义用法形似词派生词近义词下义词词语搭配tame lime timeoustimeless timely timekeeper timetablemoment age period lifecententury year season month week day night hour minute secondTime elapses (goes by, pass, flies).tell (have, make, keep) timeahead of t
3、ime in time over time thought timegood (perfect, local) time considerable(long, little, short, reasonable, precious, idle, free, leisure, spare) timeHow should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. O
4、nly a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I persona
5、lly consider as one of the most interesting of antiques.讨论阅读理解阅读理解How should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Tod
6、ay it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider as one of the most interesting of antiques.句式句式结结结结构构对对对对比比图图图图简单句1490
7、 (0.28)250 (0.14)并列句581 (0.11)272 (0.15) 状语从句656 (0.12)165 (0.09) 感叹句138 (0.03)7 (0.004) 一般问句34 (0.006)6 (0.003) 定语从句21 (0.004)139 (0.075) 特殊问句8 (0.004)试题讨论英语写作英语写作句句长长长长分布比分布比较图较图较图较图试题词长词长词长词长 分布比分布比较图较图较图较图试题词词词词性分布比性分布比较图较图较图较图读写任务基础写作 代 词15.678.86动 词13.5012.29 冠 词4.648.37 形容词6.939.32 名 词9.0925.
8、12 介 词9.4412.50 连 词5.175.78 副 词3.601.30试题目标要求知识应用词 的 形 式单词学习首先从词的形式开始，重点内容包括： 单词拼写：能够正确拼写所学过的单词，并掌握必 要的读音规则 近 似 词：能够辨析常见的形似词和同形异义词 词的构成：掌握常用的构词法和词缀（前缀和后缀 ）在语言理解中的应 用 词义猜测：在语言 理解（听力/阅读）中 ，遇到生词时，能够 根据上下文猜测词义 。 意义重构：能够借 助关键词语 重构句子 或篇章的意义。 篇章理解：能够应 用词汇同现知识理解 篇章意义。 在语言产出中的应 用 词的用法：在语言 产出中能够正确使用 词语，包括词汇同现
9、 和词语搭配等。词 的 意 义单词学习的重点是词的意义，重点内容包括： 基本意义：掌握所学单词的基本意义 多义性：掌握常用词的多种意义 词义关系：掌握常用词的同义词、反义词以及上下 义词 词 的 用 法词的用法是指词在上下文中的正确使用，重点内容包 括： 词语搭配：理解并正确使用常用词的各种不同的搭配 关系 词汇同现：能够分析篇章中词语的同现关系 词语用法：能够在特定上下文中正确使用所学的单词 ，包括结构的语法性、意义的合适性以及行文的规范 性等结论u词汇能力是语言学习中的最重要能力之一。二、词汇能力的培养误解词汇能力的培养=分解的单一技能 (知识)训练 困惑投入大，但收获小。 词汇量扩大，但
10、能力提高不明显。讨论材料u以语篇为单位u以话题为指导u以任务为中心u以关联为内容结论词汇能力的培养形容词搭配 best, bosom, close, dear, good, great, intimate, real, specialuHer best friend at school was called Anna.uIm inviting only my closest friends to the party.Friends形容词搭配 faithful, loyal, true lifelong, long-standing, olduIt was so relaxing to be a
11、mong old friends.动词搭配 becomeuThey became friends after meeting on holiday.remain, stayuWe stayed friends even after we grew up and left home.动词搭配 find, makeuHe finds it difficult to make friends.uShes made friends with the little girl who lives next door.winuHe wont win any friends if he carries on
12、talking like that.动词搭配 haveuShe doesnt have many good friends.三、对新课标英语教学的启示u1. 在语篇中考查语言知识和语言技能；u2. 在应用中考查语言的综合能力；u3. 提供学生更大的自由发挥空间；u4. 注重语言与情感文化等因素的融和。语言单位：词句篇语言范畴：形式结构意义语言技能：单一技能 综合技能语言策略：识别 理解 概括 推理产出语言任务：无情景 情景化语言能力的发展趋势我们在语言学习过程中应该充分认识到：u语言能力是一个整体概念，即：它的各个组成部分（ 语言知识、语言技能和语言任务）之间相互联系、互 相依存、缺一不可。u
13、语言学习不是简单地记忆单词、背诵语法规则；也不 只是练好听、说、读和写的技能。掌握语言的词、句 、篇必须知道它们如何应用于语言技能中，语言技能 必须服务于语言交际目的，即：完成特定的语言任务 。u语言知识是语言能力的内核部分。学好语言首先必须 具备扎实的语言基本功，也就是，具有良好的语言知 识并能在语言使用中得到正确的运用。u语言的学习必须融入真实的语言情景中，强调语言产 出能力的培养，即：写作（笔头产出）和口语（口头 产出），同时提高篇章理解与分析的能力。u真 实 性无情景有情景u教学方式单一多样化u师生互动低高u能力维度单维度多维度语言教学的发展趋势语言教学的发展趋势Unit 1 Frie
14、ndship Warming UpWhat do you do to be a good friend? Are you good to your friends? Make the following survey. Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 1.You want to see a very interesting film with your friend, but your friend cant go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle. You wil
15、lA. go without your friend.B. help your friend clean the bicycle so you can leave early.C. plan to go another time2.Your friend asks to borrow your favourite camera. Then he/she borrowed it last time, he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired. You willA. say no B. let your friend borrow
16、it without saying anything.C. let your friend borrow it, but tell him/her that if the camera is broken again, he/she will have to pay to get it repaired.新课标英语教材新课标英语教材Pre-reading1. Why do you need friends? Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you2. What do you think a good friend should be like? List what a good friend should do a
