《高二生物选修基因工程的原理和技术课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高二生物选修基因工程的原理和技术课件（31页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、基因工程的原理和技术基因工程的原理和技术Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.基因工程的基本操作步骤1、获得目的基因2、形成重组DNA分子3、将重组DNA分子导入受体细胞4、筛选
2、含有目的基因的受体细胞5、目的基因的表达Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspo
3、se.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、获得目的基因从基因 文库中 寻找聚合酶链式反应 （PCR）扩增化学合成法目的基因的核苷酸序列未知目的基因的核苷酸序列已知Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slide
4、s for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.基因组文库部分基因文库Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.S
5、lides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.基因组DNA文库cDNA文库基因组DNA文库与cDNA文库的比较Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.
6、0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.u基因文库中不是直接保管相 应基因，而是保存受体菌，菌 中含基因Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Lt
7、d.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.利用PCR提取目的基因PCR：是一项在生物体外复制特定DNA片段 的核酸合成技术。原理：DNA双链复制原料：模板DNA；DNA引物；四种脱氧核苷 酸；热稳定DNA聚合酶（Taq酶）；离子Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright
8、2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.PCR的基本原理v类似于DNA的体内复制。首先待扩增DNA 模板加热变性解链，随之将反应混合物冷却 至某一温度，这一温度可使引物与它的靶序 列发生退火，再将温度升高使退火引物在 DNA聚合酶作用下得以延伸。这种热变性- 复性-延伸的过程就是一个PCR循环，PCR就 是在合适条件下的这种循环的不断重复。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5
9、.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.前提: 已知目的基因的脱 氧核苷酸序列 方法：DNA受热变性 解旋为单链、冷却 后DNA引物与单链 相应互补序列结合 、DNA聚合酶作用 下延伸合成互补链 。指数增长归纳Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 C
10、lient Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.TaqTaq DNADNA聚合酶（聚合酶（thermus thermus aquaticus)aquaticus)酶活性酶活性(%)(%)温度温度()40 50 60 70 80 90 10010080604020Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Crea
11、ted with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.727294945555PCRPCR循环循环Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profi
12、le 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1234522557294时间（min）温度（）PCR反应PCR反应条件 PCR过程 PCR的特点适温延伸3 高温变性1 低温退火2 重复13步 2530轮目的DNA片段 扩增100万倍以上DNA双螺旋DNA单链 与引物复性DNA变性 形成2条单链子链延伸 DNA加倍Evaluation only.Evalu
13、ation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.模板DNA95Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Prof
14、ile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.PCR的基本原理vPCR反应条件vPCR过程vPCR的特点50引物1引物2DNA引物Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Asp
15、ose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.PCR的基本原理vPCR反应条件vPCR过程vPCR的特点引物1引物2DNA引物72Taq酶Taq酶Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET
16、3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.PCR的基本原理vPCR反应条件vPCR过程vPCR的特点72第1轮结束 第2轮开始Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.PCR的基本原理vPCR反应条件vPCR过程vPCR的特点955072TaqTaqTaqTaqEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with
