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1、第1章 遗传因子的发现第2节 孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验( 二)Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.实验 现象假说推论验证理论假 说演 绎 法两对相对性状的杂交实验对自由组合 现象的
2、解释设计测交实验测交实验自由组合定律Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.两对相对性状的遗传实验绿色皱粒Px黄色圆粒F1 黄色圆粒F2黄色 圆粒黄色 皱粒绿色 圆粒绿色 皱粒 个
3、体数315101108329331：F2出现新的性状 组合是什么? 为 什么会出现新的 性状组合?黄色和绿色、圆 粒和皱粒何为显 性性状,何为隐性 性状?Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose P
4、ty Ltd.从数学角度分析,9:3:3:1与3:1能否建立数 学联系,这对理解两对相对性状的遗传结果有什 么启示?对每一对相对性状单独进行分析粒形粒色圆粒种子 315+108=423皱粒种子 101+32=133黄色种子 315+101=416绿色种子 108+32=140圆粒: 皱粒接近3：1黄色：绿色接近3：1(3:1)(3:1)=9:3:3:1Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides
5、for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.对自由组合现象的解释(假说)l豌豆的圆粒和皱粒分别由遗传因 子R、r控制,黄色和绿色分别由遗 传因子Y、y控制。l在产生配子时,每对遗传因子彼此 分离,不同对的遗传因子可以自由 组合。l受精时,雌雄配子的结合是随机的 。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pro
6、file 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.黄圆绿皱豌豆杂交实验分析图解YRyrYy RrF1配子黄色圆粒YRyryRYr配子yy rrYY RR 黄色圆粒绿色皱粒PEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.
7、0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.YY RRyy rrYy RRYY RrYy RrYy RrYy RrYy RrYy RRYY Rryy RRyy Rryy RrYY rrYy rrYy rrF1配子YRyryRYrYRyryRYr性状表现:9:3:3:1 遗传因子组成共9种:4种纯合子各1/16, 1种双杂合子4/16,4种单杂合子各2/16Evalu
8、ation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.对自由组合现象解释的验证测交实验Yy RrYy rryy Rryy rrYRyryRYryr配子测交 后代1 : 1 : 1 : 1Yy Rr杂种子一
9、代 yy rr隐性纯合子测交 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.自由组合定律控制不同性状的遗传因 子的分离和组合是互不干扰 的;在形成配子时,决定同一 性状的成对的遗传因子彼
10、此 分离, 决定不同性状的遗传 因子自由组合。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.孟德尔实验方法的启示l孟德尔获得成功的主要原因 1.精心选择实验材料 2.精心设计实验方法(单
11、因子分析) 3.精确的统计分析 4.首创了测交实验Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.孟德尔遗传规律的再发现l几个概念 基因 表现型 基因型 等位基因Evaluation on
12、ly.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.分枝法在解遗传题中的应用 该法的原理为乘法原理,故常用于解基因自由组合的题。 1.分析亲本产生的生殖细胞种类及比例: 如亲本的基因型为AaBbCc,则其产生的生殖细胞
13、为1/2A1/2a1/2C 1/2c 1/2C 1/2c 1/2C 1/2c 1/2C 1/2c1/2B1/2b1/2B1/2b1/8ABC 1/8ABc 1/8AbC 1/8Abc 1/8aBC 1/8aBc 1/8abC 1/8abc共8种生殖细胞,每种生殖细胞各占1/8.推广: n对等位基因位于n对同源染色体上,则生殖细胞共有2n种, 每种各占1/2n.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Sli
14、des for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2.分析杂交后代的基因型、表现型及比例 如:黄圆AaBbX绿圆aaBb,求后代基因型、表现型情况。基因型的种类及数量关系: AaXaa BbXBb 子代基因型1/2Aa1/2aa1/4BB 1/2Bb 1/4bb 1/4BB 1/2Bb 1/4bb1/8AaBB 1/4AaBb 1/8Aabb 1/8aaBB 1/4aaBb 1/8aabb表现型的种类及数量关系: AaXaa
15、 BbXBb 子代表现型黄绿圆 皱圆 皱3/8黄圆 1/8黄皱3/8绿圆 1/8绿皱结论:AaBbXaaBb杂交,其后代基因型及其比例为: ;其后代表现型及比例为: Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 As
16、pose Pty Ltd.怎样求基因型? 1.填空法:已知亲代表现型和后代表现型,求亲代基因型,最适 用此法。 例:鸡毛腿(F)对光腿(f)是显性,豌豆冠(E)对单冠(e)是显 性。现有两只公鸡A、B与两只母鸡C、D。这四只鸡都 是毛腿豌豆冠，它们杂交产生的后代性状表现如下： （1）AXC 毛腿豌豆冠 （2）AXD 毛腿豌豆冠 （3）BXC 毛腿豌豆冠，光腿豌豆冠 （4）BXD 毛腿豌豆冠，毛腿单冠 试求：A、B、C、D的基因型。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspos
