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1、在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔(descendants) 居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治(autonomous) 家族制度是中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。 这和西方文化是一样的。如今在中国， 孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们的姓氏都是一样的。In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big fa
2、m?ily system. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow their father s fam?ily name. This is the same as western culture. Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either fathers family name or mothers family nam
3、e. Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.几个世纪以来，中国在自然中寻求灵感和自知之明（self- knowledge) 。 因此，在中国园林中引发自然世界。由于城市土地一直昂贵，中国城市的园林相对都比较小，但是每一个中国园林都致力于岩石、 植物、水看起来比它实际上要更好，因为中国的园林设计师用巧妙的方式带领游客从一个独特的有利视角（vantage point) 到
4、另有利视角。For centuries, the Chinese have sought inspiration and self- knowledge in nature. Hence, the gardens in China evoke the natural world. Because land has always been expensive in cities，urban China gardens are relatively small, but the space of every Chinese garden de?voted to rocks，plants and w
5、ater seems much greater than it actually is because of the clever ways in which Chinese garden designers lead the visitor from one unique vantage point to another. 中国旅游研究院(China Tourism Academy)表示，大陆游客(mainland tourist) 在海外旅游上花费了420 亿美元。同时，海外游客(overseas tourists) 只花了380 亿美元在中国大陆，同比下降 7%。虽然 2009 的官方统
6、计数据还没有公布，研究院估计2009 年的旅游赤字将是4亿中国旅游业首次赤字。China Tourism Academy, said that mainland tourists spent some $42 billion in overseas destinations. At the same time ， overseas tourists spent only $38 billion on the mainland, down by 7 percent year- on-year. Though official statistics for 2009 are yet to be r
7、eleased, the academy estimated that the tourism deficit will stand at $4 billion in 2009 the first ever tourism deficit in China. 中国是一个文化、语言、风俗和经济水平都很多样化的地方。经济格局尤其多样化。大城市如北京，广州和上海是现代的，相对富裕的。然而，约50%的中国人仍然生活在农村地区，尽管中国只有 10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。数百万农村居民仍然依靠体力劳动或役畜 (draft animal) 耕作。 两三百万农民迁到城镇寻找工作。一般来说，
8、 南部和东部沿海地区比内陆地区更富有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不发达的地区。China is a very diverse place with large variations in cul?ture, language, customs and economic levels. The economic landscape is particularly diverse. The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are modem and comparatively wealthy. However, about
9、 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of China s land is arable. Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manuallabour or draft animals. Some 200 to 300 million former peasants have23migrated to townships and cities in search of work. Generally the southern an
10、d eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north, and the southwest are much less developed. 上个月中国服务产业有了较快增长，这加快了国家经济增长。根据北京国家统计局(Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics)和中国物流与采购联合会(China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing)的 数据，非制造业釆购经理人指数(the non-manufactur
11、ing Purchasing Managers“ Index) 二月份的时候从54.5 上升到 55.6，而摩根斯坦利亚太指数（ the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes) 从 52.1 上升到 54.3，达到 5月以来的最高水平。The Chinese service industries grew at a faster pace last month which helped to accelerate the nation s economy growth. According to the figures from Beij
12、ing-based National Bureau of Statistics and China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the non-manufacturing Purchas?ing Managers Index rose to 55.6 from 54.5 in February, while the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes rose to from 52.1 to 54.3, its highest level since May. 丝绸之路 (the Si
13、lk Road) 是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在1877 年它被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始，经过河西走廊 (the Hexi Corridor), 到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线，中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) ，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至罗马。The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China
14、 and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer. This ancient road begins at Changan, then by way of the Hexi Corridor， and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern R
15、oute，Central Route and North?ern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autono?mous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome. 信用卡 (credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些负担不起的物品，同时， 银行也将对此征收比_般贷款要高的利率(interest rate) 。遗憾的是，信用卡现巳成为资本
16、主义体制(capitalist system) 的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费(consumption) 的持 续增长。Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever cre ated by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most danger?ous. They allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldn t afford ， with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loans. Unfortunately, credit cards have become an es?sential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued g
