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1、计算机网络 技术基础第4章子 网划分及Switch的应用主编：周鸿旋Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Cre
2、ated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created wi
3、th Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.*计算机网络技术基础本章学习要点 掌握网络层协议IP及IP数据报头部格式 掌握TCP/IP的地址、子网掩码和网关等概念 掌握子网划分技术和划分方法 掌握VLAN的概念，以及划分VLAN的方法 了解多层交换的概念 教学课时6课时 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides fo
4、r .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET
5、3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyrig
6、ht 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.*计算机网络技术基础4.1 IP地址和物理地址 TCP/IP体系结构如图所示：Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Eva
7、luation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5
8、Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.*计算机网络技术基础4.1 IP地址和物理地址v网际协议IP（Internet Protocol）不但为各个 互联的网络提供统一的数据包格式，而且还提 供寻址、路由选择、数据的分段和重组功能， 它能将数据包从一个网络转发到另一个网络。 vIP协议以包的单位传输数据，IP数据包 Inte
9、rnet中称为IP数据报。IP协议提供的是不 可靠的面向无连接的数据报服务，它不管传送 的数据报正确与否，都不进行检查、不回送确 认，也没有流量控制和差错控制功能。IP这种 特性不是一种缺点，它提供了传输功能的主框 架，用户可以根据需要在传输层对给定的应用 添加必要的功能。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Cop
10、yright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Eva
11、luation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.*计算机网络技术基础4.1 IP地址和物理地址IP数据报是一个可变长度的包（最小为20字节 ，最大65536字节）。它由头部和数据两部分组 成，数
12、据报格式和头部的构成如图所示。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Sl
13、ides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides fo
14、r .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.*计算机网络技术基础4.1 IP地址和物理地址1. 物理地址物理地址指网卡(NIC)地址，它也称为MAC地址 或硬件地址。物理地址是由生产厂家通过编码 烧制在网卡的硬件电路上，不管它位于什么地 方，物理地址总是恒定不变的。网卡地址由48 位二进制数字组成（用12位十六进制数表示） ，高24位是由IEEE分配的厂商地址，低24位由 生产厂商自己管理的地址（序列号），每一个 网卡的物理地址在
15、全球都是惟一的。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides f
16、or .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.*计算机网络技术基础4.1 IP地址和物理地址2. IP地址IP地址由32位二进制比特组成，每8位为一段， 共分为4段，段间用“.”分隔。为了易于
