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1、 Legislation Research on Anti Employment Discrimination in China A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Henan University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Juris Master By Zhang Ying Hu Wei Yin Leiping May, 2013 关于学位论文独创声明和学术诚信承诺 本人向河南大学提出硕士学位申请。本人郑重声明
2、:所呈交的学位论文是本人在导 师的指导下独立完成的, 对所研究的课题有新的见解。 据我所知, 除文中特别加以说明、 标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包括其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包括其 他人为获得任何教育、科研机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同事对 本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 在此本人郑重承诺:所呈交的学位论文不存在舞弊作伪行为,文责自负。 学位申请人(学位论文作者)签名: 201 年 月 日 关于学位论文著作权使用授权书 本人经河南大学审核批准授予硕士学位。作为学位论文的作者,本人完全了解并同意河南大学有关保留、使用学位论文的要求,即河
3、南大学有权向国家图书馆、科研信息 机构、数据收集机构和本校图书馆等提供学位论文(纸质文本和电子文本)以供公众检 索、查阅。本人授权河南大学出于宣扬、展览学校学术发展和进行学术交流等目的,可 以采取影印、 缩印、 扫描和拷贝等复制手段保存、 汇编学位论文 (纸质文本和电子文本) 。 (涉及保密内容的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 学位获得者(学位论文作者)签名: 201 年 月 日 学位论文指导教师签名: 201 年 月 日 I 摘 要 劳动者就业是民生之本。就业歧视是一个全球性的社会问题,在近年来严峻的就业形势下,就业歧视的问题显得愈加严重,劳动者在就业、择业等职业发展的过程中无时不刻地不面临
4、着各种各样的歧视现象。就业歧视现象严重侵犯了公民的平等就业权,影响了我国社会的和谐发展。坚持公平就业、反对就业歧视现象,既是保护劳动者平等就业权的基本要求,也是维护就业市场公正秩序的客观需要。从二十世纪开始,加强反就业歧视立法已经成为世界性的潮流, 许多西方法治国家针对就业歧视现象大多建立了较为完善的法律规范体系,相比之下,我国立法在对这一问题的规制上却稍显落后。我国目前没有专门的反就业歧视法律,有关反就业歧视的规定只在一些法律、法规和规章中有所体现。近些年来,我国反就业歧视立法也取得很大进展,但是在立法层面都还面临诸多不足。本文主要通过借鉴其他国家或地区关于反就业歧视的相关法律规制,立足于我
5、国现行的法律文件,结合中国的社会主义国情,对我国反就业歧视的立法提出完善的法律救济。 本文除引言、结语外,正文分为五个部分: 第一部分主要分析就业歧视问题的研究背景,剖析我国就业歧视产生的原因,从而进一步归纳出就业歧视的类型。 通过比较国际公约对就业歧视的界定和国内各学者对就业歧视界定观点的异同之处,再论我国对就业歧视的界定。 第二部分主要梳理我国关于就业歧视法律、法规或规章的立法现状,比较各法律、法规对就业歧视的规定及其法律精神。不难发现,即使宪法确立了就业平等权的原则, 但各法律有关禁止就业歧视和维护劳动者平等就业权的规定零散且缺乏具体的救济依据。面对我国现行就业歧视法律体系中存在的问题,
6、我国应尽快制定一部专门的反就业歧视法。 第三部分主要通过回顾美国、 加拿大、 日本和欧盟等国家或地区有关就业歧视的立法发展过程,结合以上国家的就业歧视立法现状,总结他国就业歧视立法的经验教训,并联系我国实际情况,为我国相关立法的完善提供有效建议。虽然这些国家的社会背景和政治、经济体制不同,但是他们的反就业歧视立法都是颇有成效的。 第四部分通过对我国反就业歧视法律沿革及现状的分析, 指出我国反就业歧视法律II 在原则性规定上已经相当成熟,但仍存在就业歧视法律体系内容不全、执行力度不够、制度不健全等诸多问题,完善反就业歧视立法的道路仍然任重而道远。 第五部分说明随着我国就业歧视现象的日益严重, 引
7、发了一系列的社会危害, 而我国关于反就业歧视的立法又存在很多不足甚至是空白,因此,完善反就业歧视立法刻不容缓。我们应立足于我国的法律实践和立法环境,同时借鉴其他国家或地区相关的先进立法思想和成熟经验,在此基础上提出一些可行性建议。 关键词:就业歧视,平等就业权,立法 III ABSTRACT The employment of laborers is vital to peoples livelihood. Employment discrimination is a global social problem, under the severe employment circumstance
8、s, employment discrimination is becoming more and more serious in recently, Workers in the process of employment, employment and occupation development all the time do not face in a variety of discrimination. The employment discrimination phenomenon seriously infringed upon the right to equal employ
9、ment, affecting the harmonious development of our society. Adhere to the fair employment, against employment discrimination phenomenon, the basic requirement is the protection of workers right to equal employment, but also the maintenance of the objective needs of the labor market fair and justice.
10、From the beginning of twentieth Century, strengthen anti-discrimination legislation has become a trend in the world. Many western countries under the rule of law on employment discrimination phenomenon mostly established the legal system perfect, in contrast, Chinas legislation in the regulation on
11、this problem is slightly behind. There is no special discrimination against employment laws in china, provisions on anti employment discrimination is only reflected in the laws, regulations and rules. Chinas anti-discrimination legislation has made great progress in recent years, but at the legislat
12、ive level is still faces some shortcomings. The article mainly through foreign laws and regulations on anti employment discrimination, based on our current legal documents, combined with Chinas national conditions of socialism, proposes the consummation legal advice on Chinas anti-discrimination leg
13、islation. In addition to this introduction and conclusion, The article mainly divided into five parts: The first part mainly researches background of the problem of employment discrimination, analyses the cause of employment discrimination in our country. Thus further summarizes the types of employm
14、ent discrimination. Through the comparison of similarities and differences between the International Convention on discrimination in employment, the domestic and foreign scholars on the definition of employment discrimination to define views, concerning the definition of employment discrimination in
15、 China again The second part mainly combs the status of our countrys legislation on employment discrimination IV laws, regulations or rules, the laws, regulations of employment discrimination, Comparison of legal regulations on employment discrimination, the definition and the legal spirit. “the con
16、stitution“ has established the principle of the equality rights on employment, But the relevant legal provisions prohibiting discrimination in employment and safeguard equal employment rights are fragmented and lack of relief on the basis of the specific. Facing the present employment discrimination law system, our country should establish a special law of “the anti-discrimination in employment “as soon as