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1、Which character types do you find in China ？ Dig up details about these types. Unit Five Some American Types (Max Lerner) 1 Seventeenth-century England produced a number of books on Characters depicting English society through the typical personality patterns of the era. Trying something of the same
2、 soil for contemporary America, the first fact one encounters 遭遇 is the slighter emphasis on a number of character types than stand out elsewhere in Western society: to be sure, they are to be found in America as well, but they are not characteristically American. One thinks of the scholar, the aest
3、hete 审美家 , the priest or “parson, ” the “aristocratic” Army officer, the revolutionary student, the civil servant, the male schoolteacher, the marriage broker, the courtesan, the mystic, the saint. Anyone familiar with European literature will recognize these characters as stock literary types and t
4、herefore as social types. Each of them represents a point of convergence汇聚，集合for character and society. Anyone familiar with American literature will know that it contains stock portraits of its own which express social types. I want to use these traditional types as backdrops背景 and stress some of t
5、he social roles that are new and still in process of formation. 在形成的过程中 十七世纪英格兰制作了许多英语书通过典型的人格描绘社会角色模式的时代。 尝试一些相同的土壤对当代美国,第一个事实一遇到哪怕犯是强调一些字符类型 比其它地方脱颖而出在西方社会:可以肯定的是 ,他们是在美国被发现,但是他们 不是美国特有的。一个认为的学者,审美家 ,牧师或 “ 牧师” 、“ 贵族 ” 军官,革命的学 生,公务员 ,男教师 ,婚姻介绍所 ,情妇、神秘、圣。熟悉欧洲文学会认出这些字符作 为股票文学类型 ,因此作为社会类型。他们中的每一个代表一个收
6、敛点为字符和 社会。熟悉美国文学就知道它包含股票的肖像自己表达社会类型。我想用这些传 统类型作为背景和压力的一些社会新的角色仍在形成的过程。 2 Thus there is the fixer固定器，调停者 , who seems an organic product of a society in which the middleman中间人，经纪人，调解人 function eats away the productive one. He may be public-relations man or influence peddler小贩，传播者 ; he may get your tra
7、ffic fine settled, or he may be able - whatever the commodity - to “get it for you wholesale. “He is contemptuous 轻蔑的，侮辱的 of those who take the formal rules seriously; he knows how to cut corners - financial, political, administrative, or moral. At best there is something of the iconoclast偶像破坏者，提倡打破
8、旧习的人 in him, an unfold quality far removed from the European personality types that always obey authority 服从权威 . At worst he becomes what the English call a “spiv“ or cultural procurer. 因此有同样的人似乎是一个有机产品的社会中间人函数会侵蚀生产。他可能是 公关人或影响小贩 ; 他可能会让你的交通罚款, 或者他可能是解决能力无论 大宗商品“把它给你批发。“他蔑视那些采取正式规则严重; 他知道如何去 走捷径金融、政
9、治、行政、或道德。充其量有东西在他的偶像破坏者, 一个 不屈的品质远离欧洲的人格类型, 总是服从权威。最坏的终于成为了英语称“游 手好闲的人”或文化拉皮条者。3 Related to the fixer is the inside dopester预测结果的人as Riesman has termed him. He is not disillusioned because he has never allowed himself the luxury of illusions. In the 1920s and 1930s he consumed the literature of “deb
10、unking 揭穿，暴 露” ; in the current era he knows everything that takes place in the financial centers of Wall Street, the political centers of Capitol Hill, and the communications centers of Madison Avenue - yet among all the things he knows there is little he believes in. His skepticism怀疑的态度is not the
11、wisdom which deflates pretentiousness 自负， 自命 不凡 but that of the rejecting man who knows ahead of time that there is “nothing in it ” whatever the “it” may be. In short, he is “hep”. 相关的固定器是内部预测结果者作为来茨漫已经称为他。他不是幻灭,因为他从 来不允许自己奢侈的幻想。在1920年代和 1930年代他烧毁了文学的 “ 揭穿”;在当 前时代他什么都知道发生在华尔街的金融中心,政治中心的国会山 ,和通信中心麦
12、迪逊大道的 但是在所有的事情他知道没有他相信。 他的怀疑态度不是漏气的 智慧,狂妄的 ,但拒绝人提前知道是 “ 什么都没有 ” 无论 “ 它” 可能是。简而言之 ,他是 “ 玫瑰” 。 4 Another link leads to the neutral man. He expresses the devaluing tendency in a culture that tries to avoid commitments 承诺，保证 . Fearful of being caught in the crosscurrents反对意见，相反的趋势of conflict that may en
13、danger his safety or status, he has a horror of what he calls “controversial figures”- and anyone becomes “controversial” if he is attacked. As the fixer and the inside dopester are the products of a middles society, so the neutral man is the product of a technological one. The technicians detachmen
14、t分离，拆开，超然from everything except effective results becomes - in the realm领域， 范围 of character - - an ethical vacuum that strips 剥夺 the results of much of their meaning. 另一个链接指向中立的人。 他表达了在一个文化贬值趋势试图避免的承诺。害怕 被抓住在冲突的分歧,可能危及他的安全或地位,他有一个恐怖的他所谓的“ 有争 议的人物 ” 和任何人就变成了 “ 有争议的 “ 如果他是攻击。作为调停者和内部 预测结果者是产品的一个中产阶级社会
15、,所以中性人是产品的技术问题。技术员 的脱离一切除了有效的结果变得领域中的角色 一个道德真空 ,剥夺他们 的大部分结果的意义。 5 From the neutral man to the conformist 尊奉着，循规蹈矩is a short step. Although he is not neutral - in fact, he may be militantly 好斗的 partisan - his partisanship is on the side of the big battalions. He lives in terror of being caught in a m
16、inority where his insecurity will be conspicuous. He gains a sense of stature by joining the dominant group, as he gains security by making himself indistinguishable from that group. Anxious to efface抹掉 any unique traits 特性 of his own, he exacts conformity 符合 from others. He fears ideas whose newness means they are not yet accepted, but once they are firmly established he fights for them with a courage born of the knowledge thatthere
