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1、上海交通大学硕士学位论文基于MC9S12DP512与CAN总线的电池管理系统研究与设计姓名：胡建红申请学位级别：硕士专业：机械电子工程指导教师：朱建新20081201上海交通大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 I 基于 MC9S12DP512 与 CAN 总线电池管理系统的研究与设计 基于 MC9S12DP512 与 CAN 总线电池管理系统的研究与设计 摘 要 节能和环保成为汽车工业发展的新目标， 新一代电动汽车作为能源可多样化配置的新型交通工具，以其零排放、低噪声等优点，引起人们的普遍关注并得到了极大的发展。 但制约电动汽车发展的问题依然是储能动力电池和应用技术。如何延长电池使用寿命、提高电池的能量
2、效率和运行可靠性，是电动汽车能量管理系统必需解决的问题。电池管理系统是关系到电动汽车实用化、商品化的关键技术之一，而作为能量管理系统重要组成部分的电池剩余容量预测的研究对电动汽车的实用化、 商品化起着重要作用，因此研究电池管理技术及系统具有十分重大的意义。 电池管理系统直接监控及管理电池运行的全过程， 包括电池充放电过程、电池安全保护、电量估计、单体电池间的均衡、电池故障诊断等几个方而。在研究和总结国外先进的电池管理系统基础上，对电池管理系统的设计思想和结构及电路做了重大改进， 、如引入控制器局域网(CAN)总线、浮地数据采集技术、新的荷电状态(SOC)估计方法、针对电池不一致性的先进数据处理
3、技术、故障诊断专家系统等。 以镍氢动力电池为例，详细讨论了动力电池的化学热力学原理，建立了一种准确、可靠的动力电池及其管理系统的数学模型，比较合理地模拟动力电池的电压、电流、功率、温升、效率、SOC 等变化，具有模拟冷却风扇控制和一定的故障诊断及故障报警功能。 能够根据用户的不同需求，改变本模型的基本参数，如环境温度、动力电池额定容量、电上海交通大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 II 池组单体个数等。 电池管理系统(BMS)的研制开发以模块化为指导原则，硬件电路设计上采用 freescale 的 16 位嵌入式单片机 MC9S12DP512 作为核心控制单元，利用其相关模块，对相关外围电路进行了相应的
4、扩展之后，实现了对动力电池性能参数的精确检测，包括模块电压、总电压、电流、温度、运行时间、动力电池工作状况(上电、警告、错误、危险等)、动力电池最大允许充电电流、最大允许放电电流等，软件算法设计上建立了基于安时法、开路电压法和卡尔曼滤波法法的复合剩余电量预测方法，具有全面丰富的故障诊断功能，当动力电池出现异常情况时，该系统能及时可靠地发出故障信号， 具有热量管理控制功能、 稳定的抗干扰能力、多功能的监视界面以及全面迅速的车载 CAN 通讯功能。 本文用大量的实验数据论证了设计的电池管理系统的可行性与有效性。论文的研究工作是项目“吉利电动汽车新型整车技术研发”的重要组成部分，该项目已于 2008
5、 年 1 月顺利通过国家科技部的中期评定。 关键词：关键词：MC9S12DP512，控制器局域网总线，荷电状态，电池管理系统，电动汽车 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT III The Study and Plan on the Battery Management System Applied For Ev Based on MC9S12DP512 and Can Bus ABSTRACT Energy-saving and environmental protections have been targeted on the development of the automobi
6、le industry. As a new type of transport adding a source of energy diversification,the new generation of electric vehicles arouse widespread concern and have been greatly developed with its benefits of zero emission and low noise.However,battery and its application technology still restrict the devel
7、opment of electric vehicles.Electric vehicle energy management system necessarrily solves problems on how to prolong battery life span and on how to improve energy efficiency and reliability of the battery.Battery Management System is one of the key technologies strengthening practical and commercia
8、l utilization of electric vehicles.As an integral part of the energy management system, forecast for state of charge of the battery played an important role in commercialization of electric vehicles.Therefore the research of Battery Management Technology and System was of great significance. Battery
9、 management system directly controls and manages the whole process of running battery, including charging and discharging process, the safety protection, estimation of state of charge, the balancing between batteries, fault diagnosis and so on.On the basis of research of foreign advanced battery man
10、agement system, significant improvements are made on the design of configuration and circuit, such as the introduction of CAN bus, the new SOC estimation method, advanced data processing technology in view of battery inconsistency and fault diagnosis expert systems. 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT IV As to ni
11、ckel hydrogen battery ,we discussed chemical thermodynamic principle in detail, established an accurate and reliable mathematical model for battery management system and reasonably simulated changes in battery voltage, current, power, temperature, efficiency and SOC.We also simulated cooling fan con
12、trol,a degree of fault diagnosis and fault alarm functions. Changes can be easily made on the basic parameters of the model, such as environmental temperature, rated capacity and the number of monomers according to the different needs of users. BMS design process obeyed the modularity principle.As t
13、o hardware circuit design we used the 16-bit embedded microcontroller MC9S12DP512 of freescale company as a core control unit and expanded the associated external circuit with its related modules.Thus implementation were made on precise detection of battery performance parameters, including the modu
14、le voltage, the pack voltage, current, temperature, run-time, dynamic battery status (power-on, warning, error, danger,etc.), the maximum allowable charging current and the maximum allowable discharge current.As to software algorithm we established the compound surplus capacity forecasting method co
15、mbining methods of the Ah-time, open-circuit voltage and Kalman filtering law.The designed BMS can timely and reliably respond to battery unusual circumstances with its function of rich and comprehensive fault diagnosis.The BMS also featured with thermal management control, stability anti-jamming capability, multi-function surveillance interface as well as function of quick CAN communication for electric vehicle. A large number of experimental data proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the
