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1、土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语Special English for Civil Engineering 土木工程专业英语Lesson 1 Civil Engineering土木工程土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语试题结构形式1. Translate the words and phrases into Chinese:（20%）2. Translate the words and phrases into English:（20%）3. Translate the paragraphs into Chinese:（25%）4. Translate the paragraphs into E
2、nglish:（15%）5. Write a short paragraph（20%）评分要点（1）词汇：拼写正确、符合专业性要求（7%）（2）句子：语法正确、结构符合专业英语特点（7%）（3）段落：整体意义描述合理得体（6%）土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语Structural engineering (结构工程)Water resources engineering (水资源工程)Geotechnical engineering (岩土工程)Environmental engineering (环境工程)Transportation engineering (运输工程)Pipeline e
3、ngineering (管道工程)Construction engineering (建筑工程)Community and urban planning (社区和城市规划)Photogrametry，surveying，and mapping (摄影测量、勘测和制图)Engineering management (工程管理)Engineering teaching (工程教学)Organization of this text土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the pl
4、anning，design，construction, and management of the built environmentThis environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket- launching facilities. Civil engineering and civil engineers 土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管 理。这个环境包括从灌溉和排
5、水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原 理建造的结构物。Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors， power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、水系统和 污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及现代化社
6、会和大量人口集 中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads， pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial， commercial, or residential use他们也修建私人拥有的设施，如机场、铁路、管线、高楼大厦，和为工 业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。Because it is so broad，civil engin
7、eering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties因为土木工程的范围太广，所以它被细分为许多技术专业。 Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否能承受这项工程的重量。Civil engineering and civil engineers 土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语Environmental specia
8、lists study the projects impact on the local area： the potential for air and groundwater pollution，the projects impact on local animal and plant life，and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protecting the environment环境专家要研究工程对当地区域的影响：潜在的空气污染和地下水污 染，工程对当地动植物的影响，以及
9、工程怎样设计才能满足政府对保护环 境的要求。Environmental Engineering 环境工程土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语Using computers，structural engineers determine the forces a structure must resist：its own weight, wind and hurricane forces, temperature changes that expand or contract construction materials，and earthquakes结构工程师用计算机确定结构必须抵抗的力：自重、风力
10、、引起建筑材料膨胀或收缩的温度变化以及地震力。 They also determine the combination of appropriate materials：steel， concrete，plastic，stone，asphalt，brick，aluminum，or other construction materials他们还确定适当的材料组合：钢材、混凝土、塑料、石料、沥青、砖、铝或其他的建筑材料。Structural engineering 结构工程土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语They specialize in designing and maintaining al
11、l types of transportation facilities, highways and streets, mass transit systems, railroads and airfields, ports and harbors.他们专门研究设计和维修所有类型的运输设施，公路和街道，公共交通系统，铁路和机场，港口及海港。Bridge is a structure that spans obstacles, such as rivers and valleys, to provide a roadway for traffic.桥梁是跨越障碍（比如河流和峡谷）的结构物，从而为
12、通行提供道路。 Transportation engineering 运输工程土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语The purpose of a building is to provide a shelter for the performance of human activities一座建筑物的作用是为人类活动的进行提供一个躲避处。This art includes，in addition to buildings，all the civil engineering structures such as dams，canals，tunnels，aqueducts，and bridges除了
13、建筑物，这艺术还包括所有的土木工程结构物，比如大坝、运河、 隧道、沟渠和桥梁。Architecture is the art of building建筑学是建筑的艺术。 Conversely，a bad plan results in inconvenience，waste，and visual confusion相反，坏的设计方案所产生的结果是不方便、浪费和视觉上的混乱。 Building and Architecture 建筑物和建筑学土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语This text mainly introduced the relationship between the form
14、of building and the environment, the aspect of architeture, and the relationship between building and architeture. It also introduced some building materials, such as wood, steel, stone. 这篇文章主要介绍了建筑物的形式和环境的关系，建筑学的有关概念，建筑物和建筑学的关系。这篇文章还介绍了一些建筑 材料，比如木材、钢材和石料。要求：掌握短句的翻译技巧。 Brief Summary土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语M
15、aterials and structural forms are combined to make up the various parts of a building, including the load-carrying frame, skin, floors, and partitions.材料和结构形式被组合在一起形成了建筑物的不同部分。包括承重的框 架、外墙、楼板层、以及隔墙。The superstructure is that part of a building above ground, and the substructure and foundation, is tha
16、t part of a building below ground.上部结构是建筑物在地面上的部分 , 而下部结构以及基础是建筑物的地 下部分。The skyscraper, owes its existence to two developments of the 19th century：steel skeleton construction and the passenger elevator.摩天大楼的出现得益于19世纪的两大发展 ：钢骨架建筑和载人电梯。（ 钢结构：steel structure/ steel construction）Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) introduce steel construction in France.Gustave Eiffel将钢结构引入法国。Components of A Building 建筑物的组成部分土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语 Until the late 19th
