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1、英语短文写作方法范例 1原 因 篇 分析原因是英语议论文写作的一个常见题型。例如: Why do todays young people have difficulty in reading and writing? Why is the world getting smaller and smaller? Why has the divorce rate in China increased in recent years? 作文要求考生对这类社会现象或社会问题进行解释。按 照十句作文模式，这种类型的作文的基本写法如下: PI S (l) Problem (general) S (2) Pr
2、oblem (specific) PII S(3) Thesis S(4) Cause 1 S(5) Detail 1 S(6) Detail 2 S(7) Cause 2 S(8) Detail l S(9) Detail 2 . PIII S(10) conclusionSample 1Why College Students Take a Part-time Job Outline: 1.最近几年越来月多的大学生加入打工队伍2.为什么大学生要打工3.大学生打工的意义用数据和事实 (1) According to a recent survey, 引出将要讨论 about 25 perce
3、nt of Chinese college 的现实 students now hold a part-time or temporary job, compared with nearlynone 10 years ago, and this figure increases to 72 percent during summer 形象化描写 vacation. (2) College students are seen waiting on tables, clerking in stores, advertising in streets, teaching in families and
4、 doing whatever work they can find.承上启下,引出解 (3)Why do they want odd 释/同位语 jobs-jobs usually requiring little skill 原因一/短句变化 and knowledge? (4) The primaryreason, I think, is money.(5) Feeling the pressure of soaring inflation as books，movies and bus fares have all gone up in price, there is scarcely
5、 a young boy or girl who does not want to 措词变化 earn a little money to help cover the increasingly higher college costs, and atbest save enough to go traveling or buythings they have long desired. (6) In thisway they hope to be economically independent and avoid the indignity ofhaving to ask for mone
6、y again and again. 原 因 二 (7) Besides they want to gain some experience in the ways of society. (8) Students growing up from nursery school tocollege only know about books and have 措词变化 trouble dealing with realities. (9) Working on a part-time basis can provide them with a rare opportunity to know t
7、he outside worldand prepare them for a future career. 总结全文， (10)The significance for college 指明意义 students of doing a part-time job means more than money and experience: It will broaden their outlook and exert a profound influence on their personality and life. 评析 这篇作文主要是解释大学生打工这一社会现象。作者谈 了两个方面的原因。一
8、是money.由于近几年的通货膨 胀、物价飞涨和大学生本身经济独立意识的增强，他们 需要有钱。二是experience。这是因为书本知识和现实 世界之间的距离以及大学生今后工作和生活的需要。文 章最后一段虽只有一句，但作者不仅总结了全文的两个 原因，而且还进一步指出了大学生打工对于他们人生观 形成所具有的深远意义。好的结尾能使读者加深认识， 起到画龙点睛的作用。一般说来，总结全文要点，进一 步点明、深化主题，或展望未来，指明前景、呼吁读者 行动起来是结尾的常用方法。但在原因型议论文中，结 尾大多是以提出建议或解决问题的方法为主，形成 Problem-Causes-Solution结构。 本文的
9、开头作者采用了两个写作技巧。一是引用具体的数据 ，二是运用形象化的描写，让读者实实在在感到大学生打工这一 现象，这远比 “Nowadays more and more students are doing different kinds of jobs“丰富、生动、具体。 这篇作文也比较注意语言的变化。 要表达“越来越“的意思 ，除了more and more 还可用其他表达法。例如: Learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures have been understood. 一
10、旦基本结构掌握后，学习英语就似乎变得越来越难了。 There are indications that school cheating is on the rise. 有迹象表明学校的作弊行为越演越烈。 People in growing numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV. 越来越多的人宁肯呆在家里看电视。 而本文在表达打工这一概念时，作者用了hold a temporary job，do odd jobs，work on a part-time basis，do whatever work they can find, do a part
11、-time job 等，甚至用具体描写来 表示打工的意思：waiting on tables，clerking in stores， advertising in streets，teaching in families.，这就避免了文 章在表达上的累赘重复。再如，同样要表达“得到“，一个用 earn a little money, 一个用 gain some experience. 译文 大学生为什么要打工 根据最近一次调查，大约有25% 的中国大学生在打工，到 了暑假，这个数字上升到72%，而与10年前相比，当时几乎没有 这种现象。我们现在到处可以看到大学生在饭店里当服务员，在 商店当营业
12、员，在街上做广告，在家里做家教，只要有工作，什 么都干。 为什么他们会干这种一般没有什么技术和知识的零工?我认 为主要原因是钱。现在书价、电影票、汽车票的价格都上涨了， 感受到通货膨胀压力的大学生无不想赚点钱来贴补越来越高的大 学费用，或至少能积点钱可去旅游或买些他们一直要想买的东西 。他们希望通过这种方式来获得经济上的独立，避免一再伸手要 钱这种有损尊严的行为。除此以外，他们还想以此积紧一些社会 经验。他们从幼儿园直到读大学，接触的都是书本知识。在如何 应付现实生活上都存在困难。而打工使他们有了了解外部世界的 难得的机会，为他们将来的工作作好准备。 大学生打工的意义还不仅在于钱和经验。打工使
13、他们开阔了眼 界，并对他们的个性培养和今后生活都具有深远的影响。 Sample 2A Boom in Adult Education Outline: 1.现在许多成年人都利用业余时间去大学或夜校读书2.出现这种成人教育热的原因是3.结论用个别故事，引出 (1) Every Tuesday and Friday全文要讨论的 evening sees Miss Li, my neighbor and a 普遍现象 secretary in a company rush home after a hard days work, gulp down her meals and then hurry
14、out to catch the bus for her English class. (2) Miss Lis case is not unique, and now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college.承上启下，引出解释 (3)There are a number of reasons for people to go back for their education. 原因一 (4)Some people, like Miss Li，are doing it to acquire another degree or diploma to impress the society.(5)To them more knowledge, or rather，more credentialsmeans more opportunities for better jobs 原因二 and quicker promotion. (6) Othe
