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1、(二)代词 1.掌握代词的概念、分类，英语中代词可以分为 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑 问代词、不定代词； 2.掌握代词的用法； 3.理解代词在句中的功能，掌握代词作主语、表 语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用 法； 4.能够辨析代词的用法区别，并熟练运用. 考点揭密一、代词概述 代词就是指可以代替名词的词 ,可分为以下九种:人称代词(personal pronoun)物主代词(possessive pronoun)反身代词(reflexive pronoun)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun)疑问代词(
2、interrogative pronoun)关系代词(relative pronoun)不定代词(indefinite pronoun)(一)、人称代词 人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表人称 我你他她它我 们你 们他 们 主格 Iyouhesheitweyouthey 宾 格meyouhimheritusyouthe m人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语（宾格）、表语等 。例如： We found English easy to understand. They helped us to move the furniture in. “Whos that?“ “Its me.“ 人称代词的用法
3、 (1)在并列的主语中，I 总放在最后。Lily, Lucy and I are good friends.莉莉，露西和我是好朋友。(2)she 可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、 月亮等。Whats wrong with the car? She wont start.这辆车出了什么故障？她发动不起来了 。The moon is round tonight, isnt she?今晚的月亮很圆，是吧？ (3)we可以表示包括自己在内的“人们”； you可以表示泛指的“任何人”。How do we learn out mother tongue?人们是如何学会母语的？ 当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排
4、列顺序 一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they.如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责 任时，单数时用，I, he, she, you, 复数时 用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.it的用法 1. 要点提示 it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气 、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词， 作形式主语和形式宾语。 2. 用法指南 (1)作为人称代词，it可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和 未确定身份的人。Wheres my book? Have you seen
5、it?我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？The dog is in the garden, isnt it?狗在花园里，是吧？The baby cried because it is hungry.婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。(Someone is ringing.) Whos it? Its me.(有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。(2)it 可以指上下文内容The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud.2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常 自豪。 (3)it表示时间、天气、距离等。Wh
6、at time is it now? Its half past nine.现在几点了？九点半It is cold.天气冷。Its about ten kilometers from the park to the museum.公园到博物馆大约是十公里。(4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语Its very important for us to learn English well.(实际主语是to learn English well)对我们来说，学好英语很重要。I found it hard to fly a kite. (实际主语是 to fly a kite)我发现放风筝很难。(二)物主
7、代词 物主代词包括形容词性物主代词,有my, your, his/her/its, our, their,和名词性物主代词，包 括mine, yours, his/hers, ours, theirs. 形容词 性物主代词在句中作定语，相当于一个形容 词，名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语 、宾语（直接宾语、介词宾语），相当于一 个名词 。例如： Water is very important to our life. Its a habit of theirs. I left my dictionary at home. May I use yours? (三)反身代词 反身代词包括：mys
8、elf, yourself, himself, herself, itself; ourselves, yourselves, themselves, 以及oneself。例如： I really feel quite ashamed of myself for it. I hope youll enjoy yourself at the party. Help yourself to more soup, please.反身代词用法 反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词，词尾是self 或selves。反身代词表示“某人自己”，与它所指代的 名词或代词在人称、性、数上保持一致。 (1)反身代词
9、用作同位语，表示强调Youll have to do it yourself. 你得自己去干。The theory itself is all right.这理论本身没有问题。(2)反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主 语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词。He saw himself in the mirror. ( he和himself指的是 同一人)他在镜子里看见了自己。He saw him in the mirror. (he和him指的不是同一 人，him指代另一个人)他在镜子里看见了他。 (3)反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容：They enjoyed themselves at
10、the party last night.昨天晚上他们在聚会上玩得很开心。Help yourself to some fish.吃点鱼吧。I taught myself swimming when I was six.我六岁时自学了游泳。反身代词的固定搭配：by oneself (靠)自己enjoy oneself 过得愉快help oneself to 随便吃teach oneself 自学talk to oneself 自言自语 (四)指示代词 指示代词包括this, that, these, those指示代词在句中可作主 语、宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语）、表语和定语。例如：This st
11、eel is not hard enough for our purpose.That argument of his convinces no one.This is what I want to say.Wait until youve heard this.Whats all this? (=Whats the trouble/matter?) John is the monitor of the class, and as such must decide how to do next.Ill tell you about that unforgettable ten days in
12、North Africa.指示代词用法 (1)表示空间上的远近：this和these表示近 。that和those表示远。No one had worked in this place for ages.已经好多年没有人在这个地方工作过 了。I dont like the look of those clouds. 我 不喜欢那些云的样子。 (2)表示时间上的远近These days the Olympics must mean the best.现今，奥林匹克运动会肯定是水平最 高的。At that point he became worried.就在那时，他变得担心起来。 注意：that和
13、those有时可以用来代表前面 刚提到过的名词以避免重复。The best cotton is that from Xinjiang.新疆的棉质量最好。 指示代词的固定搭配：like this 像这样thats all right 没关系more than that 更重要的是for all that 尽管如此So thats that. 就是这样。(五)疑问代词 疑问代词包括：who (指人，主格），whom（宾格） ，whose（所有格），what（指物）,which（指人或 物）。疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以作主语、宾 语、表语、定语等。例如： Which do you like be
14、st, your mother or your father? Who is your favourite composer? What channel did you watch on television last night? Whom did you meet on your way home? 这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学 们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. 例如: I like the red shirt. _ _ do you like ? (六) 关系代词 who (whom, whose), which, that等可用做关系代 词，引导定
15、语从句。例如：He is a man who can play the piano very well.The people whom you met in the campus yesterday are from England.Is there anyone in your department whose father is a painter?(七)不定代词 不定代词在初中课本中主要有 some, any， each, every, all, none both, either neither, other, another, one, many, much, few, little
16、 , 1.some 作定语时，后跟名词单数。 neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同 either。 如： They both swim well. Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next week. Neither answer is right. 5. Another & other another +单数名词, “
