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1、 Holstein UK Scotsbridge House, Scots Hill, Rickmansworth, Herts, WD3 3BB www.holstein-uk.org Telephone: 01923 695200 Fax: 01923 695345a useful guide to Linear AssessmentLast updated April 2008 - - 1CONTENTS Page Details 2 - 3 Scoring Procedure 4 Linear Inspection 5 - 13 Heifer Scoring Diagrammatica
2、l Descriptions 14 Recording of Additional Heifer Traits 15 Bull Classification - - 2SCORING PROCEDURE Stage of lactation and age of animal must be taken into consideration when assigning classification score and composite box breakdown. The classification benchmark standard is by comparison to the S
3、ocietys Model Cow. Pointing System Excellent 90 100 Very Good 85 89 Good Plus 80 84 Good 79 75 Fair 74 65 Poor 64 and below Maximum Points 1st Calver 89 points 2nd Calver 90 points 3rd Calver 93 points 4th + 97 points VG Heifer 4 Box Breakdown 90 point Maximum 85 point Minimum Mammary, Feet & Legs 8
4、3 point Minimum Dairy Strength & Rump 143 cms Minimum Height VG89 Heifers Must score a minimum of 89 points in every box 2nd Calver Excellent 4 Box Breakdown All of the boxes must be 90 points Maximum score possible is 90 points for all four boxes 3rd Calver Excellent No restriction on 4 Box Breakdo
5、wn Final score 93 point Maximum 4th + Calver Excellent No restriction on 4 Box Breakdown Maximum final score 97 points - - 3 Functional Trait Composite 4 Box Breakdown The final class and score will be calculated from the subjective trait breakdown at the following ratio: Dairy Strength 15 % Body Co
6、nformation 15 % Legs & Feet 30 % Mammary 40 % The hand-held data equipment will display a suggested final class and score, calculated from the functional trait composite breakdown. Classifiers may adjust the final score by one point. The four functional trait composite areas are as follows: Dairy St
7、rength Dairy Strength is not to be focused on size or stature, but as strength through the front end and heart region of the animal, strength of constitution & front rib. Body Conformation Body Conformation takes account of, independently, the entire skeletal structure of the animal to identify a ba
8、lanced animal rather than the extremes. (The Body Conformation composite includes the Rump structure). Legs & Feet The shape and quality of the legs & feet, resulting in good locomotion. The classification to take into consideration environment and management factors. Mammary The strength and qualit
9、y of the fore and rear attachment, strength of central ligament and udder texture. The quantity of udder in relation to the size of animal, stage of lactation and time of inspection. Teat quality and position, with equal emphasis on teat position rear view and side view. Final Score The final score
10、will be suggested automatically from a calculation of the 4 box breakdown. The classifier must take into consideration the age and stage of lactation when assigning the final score. - - 4LINEAR INSPECTION Heifer Inspections Full range of points must be used. 2nd and Later Lactations For traits not p
11、hysically measured, the linear code assigned must be relative to a mature female (Society Ideal Model). All females receive a linear assessment recorded on a 1 9 code scale: Linear Traits 1 Stature Measured at rump (withers for 2nd and later lactations) 2 Chest Width Width of chest between the top o
12、f the front legs 3 Body Depth Depth of rear rib 4 Angularity Openness of rib, depth of rear rib 5 Rump Angle Hip to pins 6 Rump Width Pin width 7 Rear Legs Set Angle-side view 8 Foot Angle Diagonal of foot angle rear hoof 9 Fore Udder Attachment Strength of attachment 10 Rear Udder Height Distance f
13、rom pins to milk secreting tissue 11 Central Ligament Depth of ligament at base of udder 12 Udder Depth The distance from the lowest part of the udder floor to the hock 13 Front Teat Placement Position of the Front teats viewed from the rear 14 Rear Teat Position Position of the Rear Teats 15 Teat P
14、osition Side view 16 Teat Length Length of the front teat 17 Locomotion Movement of the animal 18 Body Condition Score Research Trait - - 5Heifer Scoring DIAGRAMMATICAL DESCRIPTIONS Standard Trait Definition The precise description of each trait is well defined and it is essential that the full rang
15、e of linear scores to identify the intermediate and extremes of each trait be used. The assessment parameters for the calculations should be based on the expected biological extremes of two year-old heifers. The scale must cover the biological extremes of the population in the Country of assessment.
16、 International WHFF Recommended Scale 1 - 9 1: Stature Ref. Point: Measured from top of the spine in between hips to ground. Precise measurement in centimetres/inches, or linear scale: 1 Short 130 cm 5 Intermediate 9 Tall 154 cm - - 62: Chest Width Ref. Point: Measured from the inside surface between the top of the front
