《动物接触性传染病》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动物接触性传染病（50页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、养宠物会得传染病吗? 中山大学第三医院感染科 李建国Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.n 近年来，禽流感、猪链球菌病 、印度的鼠疫、欧洲的疯牛病、美 国的结核牛和猴天花、英国
2、的口蹄 疫及流行性乙型脑炎、黄热病等疫 情警报接连不断。这些动物源性疾 病对人类频频突袭的影响之大令人 始料不及，忧心忡忡。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.n所谓动物源性
3、传染病（又称人畜共 患病）是指受感染动物为传染源中 的一种传染性疾病。动物源性传染 病的流行多数与人类对自然环境的 侵扰有关，同时对家养动物的管理 不善以及对相关的预防接种不重视 有关。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2
4、004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.近年，都市居民养宠物逐成风气 ，街头牵狗捧猫者已不少见。今天，要给重点给大家介绍由宠 物传染的常见传染病Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pt
5、y Ltd.狂犬病（rabies）n是人、家畜和野生动物的一种急性 中枢神经系统疾病，是由狂犬病毒 感染所致。人狂犬病主要由病兽以 咬伤方式传播给人。n狗被公认是人类最忠实的朋友，但 同时狗传狂犬病也始终与人类相伴 随。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pt
6、y Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.病 原 学n棒状病毒科n形似子弹n单股负链RNA病毒Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.流 行
7、 病 学n 世界上只有英国、澳大利亚、 新西兰、日本和美国的夏威夷等国 家和地区没有狂犬病外，世界其他 国家都有狂犬病发生。在亚洲，印 度、中国和泰国都是该病的高发病 地区。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-20
8、11 Aspose Pty Ltd.n 传染源：所有温血动物对狂犬病毒都易感Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.传播途径： 患病动物唾液50 90含狂犬病毒， 人主要是通过被患
9、病 动物咬伤、抓伤而感 染。粘膜也是病毒的 重要侵入门户。外观健康的家犬有14.9%携带病毒。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.n易感人群：n人被病犬咬伤后发病率约为 15%
10、30%，被病狼后发病 率约为50%60%，若及时 处理伤口和接种疫苗，发病率 可降至0.15%。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.人感染了狂犬病毒会怎样发展变化？n病毒自咬伤
11、部位入侵机体后，首先 在伤口附近横纹细胞内缓慢繁殖， 约46日内侵入周围神经，此时病 人无任何自觉症状。这个时期医学 上称为潜伏期。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.潜伏期的
12、长短不一，短的10日， 长的达10余年，多数13个月。 儿童、头面部咬伤、伤口深扩创 不彻底者潜伏期短，另外，入侵的病 毒数量越多，病毒的毒力越强，人的 免疫力越低，被感染后的潜伏期越 短。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright
13、2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.人典型的狂犬病会有什么表现呢？ n有狂躁型和麻痹型两个类型。 典型的狂犬病临床表现有三个时期 n前驱期：低热、疲倦、头痛、恶心 和全身不适，类似感冒。然后出现 恐惧不安、烦躁失眠，对声、光、 风等刺激敏感而喉头紧缩。最有意 义的早期症状是：在愈合的伤口极 其神经支配区域有痒、痛麻和蚂蚁 走感。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .
14、NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.兴奋期：极度恐惧不安、发作性咽 肌痉挛。本期的特征是恐水、怕风。还 有交感神经功能亢进的表现。麻痹期：肌肉痉挛停止、全身迟缓 性麻痹，患者安静并进入昏迷状态，最 后呼吸、循环衰竭死亡。本病全程不超过6天。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0
15、.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.狗狂犬病n潜伏期：38周n早期表现是行为改变， 后继表现有两种方式； 一是发狂或进攻型，表 现为吞食异物、嚎叫、 眼睛有敌意、吐沫夹尾 和无方向性游走，病程 持续1d。一种是痴 呆或进行性麻痹，病程4d。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for
16、 .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.诊断n病史：狂犬或病畜咬伤或抓伤史。n典型的临床表现。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.治 疗n对症治疗：一般处理: 单间隔离病人，避免不必要 的刺激。医护人员最好是
