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1、英语句子的基本结构句子种类两种分类法l按句子的用途可分四种：l1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：lHe is six years old.l2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? l3）祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in classl4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!按句子的结构可分三种： l1）简单句：l2) 并列句：l3）复合句：l1）简单句：只有一个主语（或 并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列 谓语）。le.g. He of
2、ten reads English in the morning.lTom and Mike are American boys.lShe likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.l我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给 名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子 加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意 思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变 ，都只有一个主谓结构。lHe worked hard all his life. (划线部分在 句中作状语，修饰动词worked)lHe is a school student i
3、n No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名 词student)l2) 并列句：l句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句l 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句 连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义 同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系， 是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词 连结。le.g. You help him and he helps you.lThe future is bright; the road is tortuous. 并列句的分类l1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。le.g. The
4、 teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.l2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.l3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, yet, while, when等。le.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.l4、表示因果
5、关系，常用的连词有so, for, 等。le.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的 句子。 从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语 从 句、表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句等。句型 主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句le.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.l复合句就是含有两个或两个
6、以上主谓结构 的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结 构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构 则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。lAs is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引导一 个定语从句)lWhere there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表地点的状语从句)Exercises 判断句型l1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.l2. What he says doesn
7、t suit what he does. (简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰 整个句子) (复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语 从句)l3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.l4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.l5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?简单句复合句简单句6. He is in Class One and I am in Clas
8、s Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句 复合句 简单句9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?11. The fa
9、rmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句 复合句 简单句简单句l1. Its the third time that John has been late, _?lA. hasnt heB. isnt he l C. isnt itD. hasnt itl2. I suppose hes serious, _ ?lA. do IB. dont Il C. is heD. isnt hel3. There are many sports lovers in h
10、is office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.lorB. forC. while D. sol4. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.- _ what you want and I can get it for you. A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell mel5. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in
11、 the next room.lA. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turnl6. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?lA. andB. then C. or D. otherwisel7. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.lA. arrivingB. to arrivelC. having arrived D. and arrivedl8. She thought I was ta
12、lking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.lA. whom B. where C. which D. whilel9_ it with me and Ill see what I can do.lA. When leftB. Leaving C. If you leaveD. Leavel10. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday.lA. do youB. will you C. didnt you D. don
13、t youl11. _ him and then try to copy what he does.lA. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watchl12. _ help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give lC. Given D. To givel1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the
14、price of which C. its price D. the price of that l14. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be.A. that B, whomC. what D. whol15. _ several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked B. Having been asked C. He would ask D. He had been
15、 asked 16. _ the days went on, the situation there got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. Asl17. Who do you think the doctor will have _ first, John or Kate? A. examine B. to examine C. examining D. examinedl18. She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us. A. which B. it C. as D. who l19. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is l20. She is American, _ she knows littl
