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1、 Group 1: Kaz, Pike, Danielle Group 2: Jenna, Shelly, Gam Group 3: Built, Tar, Kirsty, Group 4: Looknam, Pang, Sharon Group 5: Choi, Puii, Angela Group 6: Taylor, Nical, SamReflection groups! Review Nickersons Guideposts for Sustainability (above). Think about all aspects of transportation by privat
2、e automobile in Canada and Thailand Based on Nickersons criteria, is transportation by private automobile sustainable in either country? Why or why not? Provide specific examples! Sustainability and TransportationBrock University TREN 3P18 BUUIC 957439 Sustainable Transportation Performance Indicato
3、rsWhat is Sustainable Transportation? Literature definitions somewhat imprecise Definition reviewed in 2005:Centre for Sustainable Transportation. 2005. Defining sustainable transportation. Prepared by Al Cormier and Richard Gilbert for Transport Canada (doc. No. T8013-4-0203). March 31, 2005 22 pp.
4、 Available online at http:/cst.uwinnipeg.ca/completed.html#dstWhat is Sustainable Transportation?See Gilbert and Myrans, 2003: Sustainable Transportation Performance IndicatorsEnvironment EconomyEquityEnvironment EconomyEquityA sustainable transportation system is one that: Allows the basic access n
5、eeds of individuals to be met safely and in a manner consistent with human and ecosystem health, and with equity within and between generations.A sustainable transportation system is one that:Environment EconomyEquity Is affordable, operates efficiently, offers choice of transport mode, and supports
6、 a vibrant economy.A sustainable transportation system is one that:Environment EconomyEquity Limits emissions and waste within the planets ability to absorb them, minimizes consumption of non-renewable resources, limits consumption of renewable resources to the sustainable yield level, reuses and re
7、cycles its components, and minimizes the use of land and the production of noise.Brock University TREN 3P18 BUUIC 957439 IndicatorsWhat are Indicators? Indicators are numbers that tell a story about variables of significance Indicators usually have an explicit or implicit time component May be in th
8、e form of an index (i.e., a group of indicators aggregated into a single value).Everyday examples:National unemployment rate (number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force at a given time)Consumer Price Index (Statistics New Zealand, Statistics Canada) Per-person measure
9、s are not often used when sustainability is a consideration, because the environment responds to overall rather than relative impacts. E.g.: Though fuel efficiency of individual cars or per-capita fuel consumption may decline (scale of the individual), the overall impacts may still increase due to t
10、he aggregate effects of more drivers driving further distances (scale of the collective)Indicators: Aggregate vs. Per CapitaUse of indicatorsSource: Litman, Todd. 2009. Sustainable Transportation Indicators.*VMT = Vehicle Miles Traveled*Use of indicatorsSource: Todd Litman and David Burwell (2006),
11、“Issues in Sustainable Transportation,” International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 331-347; at www.vtpi.org/sus_iss.pdf.Towards consistent indicators? There is no universally accepted definition of sustainability, sustainable development or sustainable transport (Litwin
12、 2009) There are currently no standardized indicator sets for comprehensive and sustainable transport planning (Litwin 2009) Most recent comprehensive attempt Gilbert and Myrans (2003) - old data, but still the best overall example Brock University TREN 3P18 BUUIC 957439 Sustainable Transportation P
13、erformance IndicatorsGilbert and Myrans 2003Sustainable Transportation Performance Indicators1. Energy use for transport 2. Greenhouse gas emissions 3. Other transport emissions 4. Injuries and fatalities 5. Movement of people 6. Movement of freight 7. Travel by cars and planes8. Personal vehicle mo
14、vement 9. Urban land use 10.Length of paved roads 11.Household spending 12.Relative transit costs 13.Energy intensity 14.Emissions intensityWhat the STPI can be used for a means of tracking from year to year whether transport in Canada is becoming more sustainable (like the definition), or moving aw
15、ay. can tell us about the effects of government policies, by looking at how specific STPI change after the policies are implemented. can help shape new policies, by showing the kinds of change that the policies should produce. can also guide the private sector, by showing what is needed for sustainability.1. Energy use for transport Almost 100% of energy used for transport in Canada (and Thailand) is from oil Energy used for transport in Canada increased by 21.5% between 1990 and 2000, from 1,878 to 2,282 peta
