《复习课题12酸和碱的性质》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《复习课题12酸和碱的性质（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、山东教育版第12课时 酸和碱的性质第12课时 酸和碱的性质 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.中考考点要求： 1.认识常见酸碱的主要性质和用途， 认识酸碱的腐蚀性。 2.初步
2、学会常见的酸碱溶液的稀释方 法。 3.初步认识常见的置换反应和复分解 反应，能用于解释日常生活中的一 些化学现象并能解释与日常生活相 关的现象。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Lt
3、d.知识网络山东教育版第12课时 知识网络Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.考点聚焦山东教育版考点1 浓盐酸和浓硫酸 第12课时 考点聚焦挥发性白雾吸水脱水吸水性 Evalu
4、ation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.山东教育版考点2 盐酸、稀硫酸的化学性质和用途 第12课时 考点聚焦盐酸、硫酸在水溶液中能电离出相同的_， 化学性质相似。 化学性质质盐盐酸(HCl)
5、稀硫酸(H2SO4)与酸碱指示剂剂作用紫色石蕊溶液变变_ 无色酚酞酞_紫色石蕊溶液变变_ 无色酚酞酞_与活泼泼金属反应应生 成氢氢气Zn+_HCl=_ Fe+_HCl=_Fe+H2SO4=_ _ Zn+H2SO4=_ _红 不变色红 不变色2ZnCl2+H2FeSO4 +H22 FeCl2+H2ZnSO4 +H2Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client
6、Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.山东教育版第12课时 考点聚焦化学性质质盐盐酸(HCl)稀硫酸(H2SO4)与金属氧化物反应应 生成水CuO+_HCl= _ Fe2O3+_HCl= _CuO+H2SO4= _ Fe2O3+_H2SO4= _与碱反应应生成盐盐和水Cu(OH)2+ 2HCl = _Cu(OH)2+H2SO4= _与碳酸盐盐的反应应生成 二氧化碳气体Na2CO3_HCl= _Na2CO3+H2SO4=_用 途化工产产品、除锈锈；胃中 含有盐盐
7、酸，可帮助消化化工原料、生产产化肥、农药农药 、火药药、除锈锈、精炼炼石油CuCl2+2H2OCuSO4+2H2O2 2NaCl+H2O+CO2Na2SO4+2H2O+CO22 CuCl2+H2O 63 2FeCl3+3H2O2Fe(SO4)3+3H2OCuSO4+H2OEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copy
8、right 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.山东教育版第12课时 考点聚焦注意 浓硫酸、硝酸因有强的氧化性，与金属反应不生成氢气。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
9、Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.山东教育版考点3 氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙的物理性质第12课时 考点聚焦石灰水 烧碱火碱 苛性钠极易熟石灰消石灰微Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 20
10、04-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.山东教育版第12课时 考点聚焦Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.山东教育版考点4 氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙的化学性质和用途第12课时
11、考点聚焦氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙在水溶液中能电离出相同的_，所以化学性质相似。化学性质质氢氢氧化钠钠(NaOH)氢氢氧化钙钙Ca(OH)2与酸碱指示 剂剂作用紫色石蕊溶液变变_ 无色酚酞酞溶液变变_紫色石蕊溶液变变_ 无色酚酞酞溶液变变 _与非金属氧 化物反应应_NaOH+CO2= _NaOH+SO2= =_CO2+Ca(OH)2=_ _SO2+Ca(OH)2=_ _蓝 红蓝 红2 Na2CO3+H2OCaCO3 +H2ONa2SO3+H2O2 CaSO3 +H2OOH Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .
12、NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.山东教育版第12课时 考点聚焦化学性质质氢氢氧化钠钠(NaOH)氢氢氧化钙钙Ca(OH)2与酸反应应 _NaOH+H2SO4 =_Ca(OH)2+_HCl =_与某些盐盐反应应_NaOH+CuSO4 =_Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3= _用 途制肥皂、石油、造 纸纸、纺
13、织纺织 和印染； 生活中可除油污污常用于建筑材料Na2SO4+H2O22 CaCl2+2H2ONa2SO4+Cu(OH)22 CaCO3 +2NaOHEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty
14、 Ltd.山东教育版第12课时 考点聚焦Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.归类示例山东教育版 类型一 酸和碱溶液敞口在空气中发生的变 化 命题角度：从物质的挥发性、吸水性或与空气中的成分反应的角度来考查物质敞口放置的变化。第12课时 归类示例AEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.山东教育版解析 浓盐酸有挥发性
