《技术路线图：水电》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《技术路线图：水电（68页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2035204020452050Technology RoadmapHydropowerEnergyTechnologyPerspectivesINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYThe International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was and is two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through c
2、ollective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, e
3、ach of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agencys aims include the following objectives: n Secure member countries access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities
4、 in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through c
5、ollection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies.n Find solutions to global energ
6、y challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders.IEA member countries:AustraliaAustria BelgiumCanada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Net
7、herlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA. OECD/IEA, 2012 International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fdration 75739 Paris Cedex 15, Francewww.iea.orgPlease note
8、 that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at http:/www.iea.org/termsandconditionsuseandcopyright/1ForewordCurrent trends in energy supply and use are unsustainable economically, environmentally and so
9、cially. Without decisive action, energy- related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could more than double by 2050, and increased oil demand will heighten concerns over the security of supplies. We can and must change the path we are now on; sustainable and low-carbon energy technologies will play a cru
10、cial role in the energy revolution required to make this change happen. To effectively reduce GHG emissions, energy efficiency, many types of renewable energy, carbon capture and storage (CCS), nuclear power and new transport technologies will all require widespread deployment if we are to reach our
11、 greenhouse-gas emission goals. Every major country and sector of the economy must be involved and action needs to be taken now, in order to ensure that todays investment decisions do not burden us with suboptimal technologies in the long term.There is a growing awareness of the urgent need to turn
12、political statements and analytical work into concrete action. To address these challenges, the International Energy Agency (IEA), at the request of the G8, is developing a series of roadmaps for some of the most important technologies needed to achieve a global energy-related CO2 target in 2050 of
13、50% below current levels. Each roadmap develops a growth path for the covered technology from today to 2050, and identifies technology, financing, policy and public engagement milestones that need to be achieved to realise the technologys full potential.Hydropower is the largest single renewable ele
14、ctricity source today, providing 16% of world electricity at competitive prices. It dominates the electricity mix in several countries, developed, emerging or developing. In many others it provides significant amounts of clean, renewable electricity. It also helps control water flows and availabilit
15、y. Its extreme flexibility is a strong asset for electric systems, and will be vital to accommodate and facilitate the growth of variable renewable energy technologies such as wind power and solar photovoltaics. It can foster social and economic progress, especially in developing countries. This roa
16、dmap considers that both annual hydropower capacities and generation should by 2050 roughly double from current levels. Hydropower is a competitive energy source already today, but its further deployment still faces important regulatory, financial and public acceptance issues. This roadmap identifies those barriers and includes proposals to address them, including technology and managerial improvements
