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1、太原理工大学工程硕士研究生学位论文I多水源灌区节水农业技术研究摘 要目前水资源利用中存在的主要问题是：一是重视水利工程建设，轻视农业水资源管理。一些先进的农业节水技术和现代化的管理措施得不到大面积推广，大部分灌区灌溉水利用率低、灌水定额偏大，造成水资源的大量浪费；二是对农业生态环境重视不够。井灌区出现大面积的地下水位下降漏斗区，全国已经出现了 56 个地下水区域性下降漏斗，总面积大于 8.2 万 km2。三是灌溉工程老化不配套，灌溉面积下降。针对目前农业生产及农业水资源利用中存在的主要问题，本课题选取了典型的井渠结合灌溉灌区，就晋中市井渠结合灌区普遍存在的水资源利用不合理、水环境恶化、节水措施
2、单一、节水效果得不到充分发挥、灌溉效益不高等一系列问题进行技术研究和探索，将对农业生产的进步、经济的可持续发展和水资源的可持续利用发挥重要作用，同时对类似地区也有重要的指导意义。本论文的主要研究内容如下：(1) 主要作物节水抗旱品种的筛选针对项目区的主导作物玉米和冬小麦，通过文献调研、小区试验、产量调查，对不同品种的产量、水分利用率进行分析，筛选适合于本项太原理工大学工程硕士研究生学位论文II目区的冬小麦、玉米抗旱品种；(2) 主要作物水肥耦合关系及合理灌溉制度研究以节水增产、增效为目标，进行坑测水肥生产函数试验及模型研究；在此基础上，制定主要作物的合理灌溉制度；(3) 作物种植模式研究通过小
3、区试验，比选主要作物的复播、间作、套种农作制度与种植模式；(4) 选择适合晋中市井渠结合灌溉类型区的多种节水技术，以节水高效为目标进行技术集成组合，对所选定的典型组合进行田间示范，对产量、投入、效益等进行测试。提出各种技术集成组合形式的投入产出效益关系。通过本项目的实施所形成的节水农业综合技术集成体系及其一系列关键技术和成果，将对晋中市井渠结合地区解决水资源高效利用和农业节水增产问题起到一定指导性作用。关键词：节水农业，干旱地区，井渠，晋中市 太原理工大学工程硕士研究生学位论文IIIRESEARCH ON THE TECHNOLOGY OF SAVING WATER AGRICULTURE I
4、N IRRIGATIVE AREA OF MANY WATER SOURCEABSTRACTAt present there are three primary problems in water resource using: first, we only regard construct on water conservancy , but despise manage on agricultural water resource. Some advanced agricultural saving water technology and modern managing measure
5、can not be extended in large area, in the great mass of irrigative area irrigative water using efficiency is low, irrigative ration is large, so water resource is heavy wasted; second, we less regard on agricultural entironment. Some the area of well and irrigation appear water table falling, and fo
6、rm filler area, in our country there are 56 filler areas, the total area excess 8.2 ten thousand km2. third, irrigated projects is old and is not layout, irrigated areas drop.Aimed at problems of above mention this paper selects typical irrigated areas and progresses technical research and explore f
7、or those problems in Jinzhong city, for example water saving is irrational, water environment deteriorate, saving water steps are singleness, saving water effect can not fully exert, irrigated benefit is low-rise. This will exert important effect for advancement of agricultural production, economic
8、continuable development and water resource continuable using, at one time there is directive meaning in similar areas.太原理工大学工程硕士研究生学位论文IVThis paper main content are following:(1) the filtering on fighting a drought breeds of crop The main crops are corn and wheat in item area, through literature res
9、earch, examination in area and output research put up analysis for output of differ breed and water using rate, at last some fighting a drought breeds of crop and wheat are filtered. (2)the water-fertilizer coupling relation of main crop and study on rationalization irrigated systemWater-fertilizer
10、creative function and model are studied with the aim of saving water and increasing production; on the based we establish rational irrigated system.(3)the study on crop planting modeThrough experiment we vote in repeatedly seeding, intercrop and growth mode.(4)electing manifold saving water technolo
11、gy suiting the area of well and trench in Jinzhong city process technical compositive combination, in typical combination adopt demonstration in the field, and testing for output, devotion, benefit and so on. Advancing the relation between devotion and benefit using manifold technical compositive co
12、mbination.This item area is typical and representative in Jinzhong city, through technical compositive combination and some pivotal technology will have stated directive action for water resource high using rate and agricultural saving water and increasing production.KEY WORDS: saving water agricult
13、ure, drought area, well and trench, Jinzhong city太原理工大学工程硕士研究生学位论文V目 录摘 要.I目 录.V第一章 绪论.11.1 选题的背景及意义.11.1.1 我国水资源现状 .11.1.2 我国农业用水现状 .21.1.3 农业水资源利用中存在的主要问题 .21.2 国内外节水灌溉技术的发展概述.31.2.1 国外节水灌溉技术发展概述 .31.2.2 国内节水灌溉发展概述 .31.3 本文的研究内容、技术路线及研究方法.51.3.1 项目研究区的确定 .51.3.2 研究内容 .51.3.3 技术路线 .51.3.4 研究方法 .6第二章项目区基本情况 .72.1 自然概况.72.1.1 地形地貌.72.1.2 自然资源.72.2 水利工程概况.82.2.1 渠灌工程概况 .82.2.2 井灌工程概况 .92.2.3 排水工程概况 .92.2.4 节水工程概况
