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1、现在完成时 现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现 在留下某种后果和影响的动作。 结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 用法: 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响 或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用，也可以和 包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, this year, so far等连用。 eg. I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我 这儿了) 2. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一 直持续到现
2、在，也许还将继续下去，可以 和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段 时间的状语连用，即for +时间段，since+ 时间点/从句，in the last ten years等，谓语 只可用延续性动词。更多资源 英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的， 一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性 动词、瞬间动词、或点动词)，如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬 间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和 表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间 的状语，for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不 能用在ho
3、w long引导的特殊疑问句中。 eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.(). I left Shanghai three days ago. () It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.() 初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有: leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等。终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以 下方法： 将时间状语改为
4、时间段 + ago，句中谓语动 词用一般过去时。 eg. My brother joined the army two years ago. 我 弟弟参军两年了。 若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或 用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为 相应的状态动词或延续性动词。 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的 对应关系如下： come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open- -be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on
5、 put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep- -be asleep end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years. My brother has been a soldier for two years. 现在完成时中
6、been to, gone to和been in/at been to去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和 once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。 eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人 在这里) gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在 去某地的途中或已在某地。 eg. She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不 在这里) been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。 eg. She has be
7、en in Shanghai since she moved there. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在 的影响，强调的是现在的情况，不可以和表示 过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991, three days ago last time, last night等连用。 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实，和现在 不发生关系。 现在完成时中的 for 与 since for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连 用 since + 时间点/从句 I have kept the library book for a week.= I have
8、 kept the library book since a week ago. It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事 发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意: 1) since 引导的从句中动词用过去时 2) when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用. 3) have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时,但have got=have has got=has 更多资源 练习题: 1.Its a long time since we
9、_ (meet) last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far,spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks. A.has gone away from B.has left C.has been away from D.we
10、nt away 5.Mr. and Mrs. Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached 6.-Wheres Mary?-Oh,she _the library. A. has gone to B. went to C. has been to D. had gone to 7.Im not feeling well. Ive caught a cold for three days. A B C D 8.Tom has caught a bad cold for days and he has A B stayed in bed since last Saturday.C D
