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1、PALMER/RAE ASSOCIATES International Cultural AdvisorsEuropean Cities and Capitals of Culture - City Reports Study Prepared for the European Commission PART II Palmer/Rae Associates Rue de la Croix de Pierre 74, B-1060 Brussels, Belgium Tel. +32 (0)2 5343484 - Fax +32 (0)2 5348161 E-mail: infopalmer-
2、 - Web site: http:/www.palmer- PALMER/RAE ASSOCIATES, BRUSSELS August 2004 Palmer/Rae Associates REPORT ON EUROPEAN CITIES AND CAPITALS OF CULTURE PART II Project Team Director Robert Palmer Research Manager Susie Jones Senior Researcher Caspar Will Assistants Sofie Sweygers Susanna Malzacher Raphae
3、l Bosch-Joubert Database Consultant Stephanie Racette Cover Design Julie Doutrelepont Expert Advisers Tourism Perspectives Greg Richards Social Perspectives Franois Matarasso Economic Perspectives Stuart Gulliver External Advisers Eric Corijn Rod Fisher Beatriz Garcia Brit Holtebekk Gottfried Wagner
4、 European Cities and Capitals of Culture - City Reports Table of Contents PART II Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 8 EUROPEAN CAPITALS AND CITIES OF CULTURE 1995 - 2004 LUXEMBOURG 1995 11 COPENHAGEN 1996 27 THESSALONIKI 1997 47 STOCKHOLM 1998 63 WEIMAR 1999 81 AVIGNON 2000 97 BERGEN 2000 112 BOLOGNA 2
5、000 129 BRUSSELS 2000 147 CRACOW 2000 167 HELSINKI 2000 182 PRAGUE 2000 203 REYKJAVIK 2000 219 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA 2000 235 PORTO 2001 248 ROTTERDAM 2001 267 BRUGES 2002 287 Palmer/Rae Associates, Brussels Page 6 SALAMANCA 2002 303 GRAZ 2003 319 GENOA 2004 341 LILLE 2004 346 EUROPEAN CULTURAL MON
6、THS 1995-2003 NICOSIA 1995 353 ST. PETERSBURG 1996 AND 2003 359 LJUBLJANA 1997 364 LINZ 1998 367 VALLETTA 1998 372 PLOVDIV 1999 376 BASEL 2001 379 RIGA 2001 383 ANNEX: QUESTIONNAIRE 387 Table of Contents European Cities and Capitals of Culture - City Reports Introduction Part II comprises reports on
7、 each of the 21 ECOC and the 8 cities that hosted European cultural months in the period 1995-2004. The Introduction to Part I describes the terms of reference for the study as a whole and the methodology that was used. City reports were compiled on the basis of information and data that were receiv
8、ed from respondents in each city, and are based on published documents, questionnaire responses and interviews. The intention has not been to give a comprehensive description of each ECOC. To do justice to the scope and scale of each citys aims and objectives and their means of trying to achieve the
9、se would require considerably more time than the schedule for this study allowed. The city reports intend to offer only a brief overview of each citys main aims and objectives, approaches to organisation and communications, programmes and projects, infrastructural developments, finances, and some of
10、 the main cultural, social, economic and tourism outcomes of the event. Those who are interested in more detail about each ECOC should consult the documents and reports that are listed in annex V in Part I. The documentation received from each city varied. Most submitted catalogues, programmes, publ
11、icity material, and final reports that were written by ECOC organisers or the municipality after the event. Other cities submitted detailed evaluation reports, and in a few cases independent studies. Financial information and budgets were collected from most cities although in some cases different s
12、ources reported different budgetary figures for the same city. Budgets were recorded in different ways across the cities and so caution should be taken when making direct comparisons between cities. Budgets have been given in Euros and exchange rates were taken from the official Europa web site, usi
13、ng the rates for December of the year in question. The report contains information received up until 28th June 2004. There were sometimes contradictions in the views expressed by respondents, occasionally in terms of factual information, but more often in relation to issues and problems that each EC
14、OC faced. In certain cities, there were extreme variations between views. In the city reports, generally it is the view of the majority of respondents that is stated, although very often the minority view is also reported. Terms like weak management or poor communication may, for example, be conside
15、red by some respondents to be extreme when describing a particular ECOC organisation. However, the reports represent what respondents said. Considerable efforts were made to identify a mix of respondents in cities who had a range of different interests. The observations section of each city report i
16、s not intended to be a definitive statement, conclusion or evaluation, but to offer some additional information about the context in which each ECOC was operating, and to emphasise or clarify some of the details in the report. The city reports were sent to respondents in each city for comment. When comments were received, any factual errors were corrected. If individual respondents disagreed with more qualitative statements recorde
