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1、 I摘 要 随着高性能 DSP 控制器的出现，UPS 的数字化控制成为发展的趋势与方向。从技术角度来说，DSP 技术的应用可以提高 UPS 产品输出电压的稳定性、纯净程度和自身的可靠性，同时能改善系统的动稳态等性能，产品生产便于标准化和优化升级。本文顺应 UPS 当前的发展趋势，采用 TMS320LF2407A 做为系统的核心控制芯片，研究和开发数字化的在线式单相不间断电源 UPS，主要完成了以下工作： 以单相在线式 UPS 功率电路的拓扑结构为基础，首先简要地分析了系统主电路三个组成部分（输入 APFC 环节、电池 DC/DC 升压环节和逆变环节）的功能和数学模型。 然后根据不同的研究需要，
2、 利用 Matlab 软件和 Synopsys 公司的 SaberDesigner软件，构建了系统主电路的仿真研究平台。其中，在 SaberDesigner 平台建模时考虑了 PWM 信号的产生、封锁、死区效应及控制，为 UPS 系统的控制研究奠定了理论与仿真的基础。 设计了主电路重要的元器件参数，其中输入侧的升压滤波电感一直是 UPS 电路设计的一个难点，本文根据系统所能提供的最大功率和运行中的最大电流脉动量，分析了单位开关周期内电流变化与电感之间的规律，提出了一种基于系统额定功率和抑制电流脉动的新的输入电感设计方法。 分析了UPS系统各环节的普通PI双闭环控制方法， 为了改善系统的动稳态特
3、性，本文提出了多种智能控制算法，将之分别引入到 UPS 各环节的控制： （1）带死区的变速 PID 控制引入到输入 APFC 环节的电压环控制； （2）将预测控制引入到电池升压环节的电流环控制； （3）将带参数自调整的模糊 PI 逻辑控制与重复控制相结合的复合智能控制引入到逆变环节的控制。 在 SaberDesigner 中已构建的 UPS 主电路仿真平台的基础上，结合 UPS 各环节的控制方案，构建了系统完整的控制仿真实验平台，分别从单个环节和系统的角度验证各普通和优化控制算法，对系统的输入/输出特性进行了详细的波形、频谱分析和比较。系统控制仿真实验平台中所有的控制器均采用 MAST 语言编
4、写数字离散程II序后封装成独立的控制模块，实现了真正意义上的 UPS 数字离散化系统仿真。 基于系统功率守恒定律，分析和推导了一种输入电流和直流侧电压重构，仅需检测输入电压实现 UPS 输入 APFC 环节控制的新方案。此新方法不需要改变现有主电路的拓扑结构，实现简单，不涉及繁琐的积分与微分计算，经过调节，即使在电路参数变化的情况下， 最终仍能实现 UPS 各个环节的控制， 系统的动稳态特性良好。 根据 UPS 主电路的拓扑结构，结合 TMS320LF2407A 的 DSP 芯片特点，从系统控制的角度，给出了数字化 UPS 控制电路的硬件结构、软件时序安排与软件流程，讨论了系统的死区效应、死区
5、控制与补偿技术。 针对改善数字化 UPS 的控制性能，从应用的角度讨论和分析了若干在研究过程中容易出现的问题，并给出了相应的解决方法。其中，UPS 输入电压的状态实时检测并完成瞬时切换是 UPS 能否真正实现不间断运行的前提和关键，本文在现有的检测方法的基础上进行了有效地改进，优化设计了一种新的检测输入电压状态的方法和实现电路，能够快速、实时监测、判断其状态。 搭建了单相 UPS 的物理实验平台。在该实验平台上，完成了 UPS 的输入 APFC环节、电池 DC/DC 升压环节、DC/AC 逆变环节的控制实验，并对实验结果进行了波形分析和频谱分析，验证了论文中数字化 UPS 的基本原理和控制方案
6、。 关键词：不间断电源 数字控制 系统建模 电感设计 优化控制 模型重构 电压检测 IIIAbstract Digital control of UPS becomes a trend and direction in its development with the appearance of high performance DSP controller. The application of DSP technology can upgrade the stability and the purity of the UPSs output voltage, improve the per
7、formance of the dynamic and the steady response, also make the products easily standardized and upgraded. The dissertation focused on the research of the digital online UPS in which TMS320LF2407A was considered as the core chip. The completed work are: Based on the point of the topology of the main
8、circuit, the dissertation analyzed the characteristics of the respective power circuit of UPS. Performance and mathematical models of the three chief parts of UPS system including APFC, DC/DC boost circuit and invert segment are analyzed in the dissertation. The servo simulation models of the system
9、 main circuit were constructed in MATLAB and SaberDesigner according to various research demands. Generation and lock of PWM signal and the deadband control were considered when system model was constructed in SaberDesigner. The dissertation represented the design methods of several important device
10、 parameters. In order to provide a solution for designing the input inductor on the electric network side which is a bottleneck of system, a new design proposal was presented in the dissertation based on the preset power amount and the depression of the current ripples. The dissertation discussed th
11、e design method of the internal current loop and external voltage loop with conventional PI algorithm as foundation. To improve the dynamic and the steady response of the system, several intelligent control algorithms were applied in the system, such as the varying speed PID with deadbeat in the vol
12、tage loop control of APFC, the predictive algorithm in the current loop control of DC/DC boost, the Parameters self-adjusting fuzzy PI control with repetitive control in inverter. A total UPS simulation platform was built in the dissertation according to the UPS control system and the main circuit m
13、odel constructed above. Then the dissertation verified the conventional control arithmetic and the optimal control arithmetic of the UPS from the local parts and overall system. The detailed analysis and comparation of the IVinput/output simulation experiment waveforms and spectrums have been done a
14、ccording to the input /output character of the system. In order to realize the digital and discrete simulation just as the DSP program and experimentation, all the control modules of the UPS simulation system were programmed as discrete by using MAST language first, then to be packed as modules resp
15、ecticely. A new model reconstruction based on the control scheme was presented in the dissertation in the case of without the input current and the output DC voltage detection The control scheme simplified the control system design with no modification of the main circuit topology, the methematics w
16、as easy to bo implemented without any integrating and differential calculations. The system obtained fine dynamic and steady response under the new controller, so it has both of the theoretical and practical value. According to the main circuit topological structure of system and the character of TMS320LF2407A, the dissertation portrayed the design of the main control hardware circuit, the software time sequence arrangement and the software flowchart, also the deadbe
