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1、天津城市建设学院本科毕业设计说明书基于单片机控制的太阳能供电地下停车场照明系统设计Design of the Solar-Powered Underground Parking Lighting System Based on Microcontroller Control摘 要在这个科技飞速发展的时代，能源是人类经济及文化活动的动力来源。随着经济的发展、人口的增加和社会生活水平的提高，未来世界能源消费量将持续增长，世界上的化石能源消费总量总有一天将达到极限。开发利用可再生能源和各种绿色能源以实现可持续发展是人类必须采取的措施。从能源供应的诸多因素考虑，太阳能无疑是符合可持续发展战略的理想的绿
2、色能源。随着城市的不断发展，人口的急剧增加，人均拥有车辆数的增大，停车问题越发严峻。停车场也逐渐的朝地下空间发展。然而地下停车场的照明又给社会增添了新的烦恼。为此，提供一个合理的地下照明系统是时代发展的迫切要求。本设计采用 LED 灯具作为系统的照明光源，采用太阳能光伏发电与市电交互为 LED 灯具供电的方式提供供电电源。使用节能灯具减少了能源的浪费，利用太阳能发电供电，减少了火力发电等造成的大气污染的问题。本设计采用单片机 AT89S51 作为系统的主控制单元，重点设计了太阳能发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制电路的设计。并且通过采集太阳能发电系统蓄电池及太阳能电池板两端的电压，实现火电与太阳能发电
3、两种供电方式的自动切换。并对太阳能发电系统中，太阳能电池在工作时，随着日照强度、环境温度的不同，输出功率不同的问题，为了提高发电系统效率，单片机通过采样电压和电流，通过对功率的计算，实现对太阳能电池的最大功率点的跟踪，确保充分的利用太阳能。本系统智能化的完成了以太阳能发电、 LED 为灯具的照明系统的设计，经济、实用。关键字：能源；太阳能光伏发电；LED 照明；DC-DC；MPPT；单片机 AT89S51ABSTRACTIn this technological era of rapid development, energy is the driving force of human eco
4、nomic and cultural activities. With economic development, population growth and social improvement of living standards, the future world energy consumption will continue to grow, the total consumption of fossil fuels in the world one day will reach the limit. The development and utilization of renew
5、able energy and green energy in order to achieve sustainable development of mankind must take measures. From the energy supply of many factors to consider, solar green energy is undoubtedly the ideal of sustainable development strategy.With the continuous development of the city, the rapid populatio
6、n increase, per capita number of vehicles increases, more and more severe parking problems. The development of parking lot gradually toward the underground space. However, the underground car park lighting gave the community has added a new worry. To this end, an underground lighting system is an ur
7、gent requirement of the times.This design uses LED lighting as the lighting system, solar photovoltaic power generation and electricity interact to provide a power supply for LED lamps powered. Use of energy saving lamps to reduce energy waste, the use of solar power generation and distribution, to
8、reduce atmospheric pollution caused by the thermal power and other issues.This design uses a microcontroller AT89S51 as the main control unit, focused on the design of a solar power system maximum power point tracking control circuit design. And by collecting solar power system battery and the volta
9、ge across the solar panels, thermal power and solar power two kinds of power supply automatically switches. And solar power systems, solar cells at work, with the sunlight intensity, environmental temperature, output power, in order to improve the efficiency of power generation systems, microcontrol
10、ler by sampling the voltage and current through the calculation of the power to achieve the solar cell maximum power point tracking to ensure full use of solar energy. This intelligent completion of the design of lighting systems, solar power, LED lamps, economical and practical.Key words: Energy; s
11、olar photovoltaic; LED lighting; the DC-DC; the MPPT; icrocontroller AT89S51目 录第 1 章 光伏发电和 LED 照明概述.11.1 光伏发电的背景及意义.11.2 光伏发电的国内外现状及发展.11.2.1 光伏发电的历史.21.2.2 国外光伏发电技术的现状与前景.21.2.3 我国太阳能光伏发电的现状与前景.31.2.4 光伏发电的未来趋势.41.2.5 光伏发电系统的基本工作原理.41.2.6 独立太阳能光伏发电系统的组成.51.3 LED 照明.61.3.1 LED（Lighting Emitting Diode）照明定义.61.3.2 LED 照明原理.61.3.3 LED 照明适用范围.61.3.4 LED 照明的现状及发展前景.6第 2 章 MPPT 控制部分与 DC/DC 变换.82.1 最大功率点跟踪原理.82.2 最大功率点跟踪的算法.92.2.1 恒压跟踪法.92.2.2 扰动观察法.
