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1、摘摘 要要金属醇盐化学的研究最早始于 100 多年前，目前随着其在无机合成、有机合成、定向催化聚合和制备功能材料等方面广泛应用，尤其是以醇盐化学为基础的醇盐溶胶凝胶法制造非金属材料的广泛应用，醇盐化学得到了迅速发展。醇镁化合物 Mg(OR)2 (R=烷基) 是对水敏感的醇盐，可以作为有机合成的性底物或者聚烯烃的催化剂，同时由于二价金属镁离子可以和羰基形成稳定的鳌合物，醇镁化合物比如甲醇镁又可以作为选择性羰基凝聚剂。传统化学方法合成金属醇盐是用 Mxx 为 Hal，R，H，NRz，N(SiMe3 )2等与醇进行交换反应，过程复杂，且原材料不易得到，产率低，纯度达不到要求，后续分离繁琐。所以人们一
2、直努力寻找合成金属醇盐的新方法。有机电解合成一般在常温常压下进行，可通过调节电极电位控制电极反应的方向和速度。据报道， 该方法制备的金属醇盐纯度高，工作环境好，后处理容易，对环境污染少，可望成为今后合成金属醇盐的一个方向。本文采用电化学法，在无隔膜电解槽中，以惰性元素电极-铂电极为阴极，以镁为阳极，直接电解含有导电盐的无水醇溶液，一步得到镁元素的醇盐 Mg(OEt)2。关关键键词词：金金属属醇醇盐盐；电电化化学学法法；醇醇镁镁化化合合物物Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnesium AlkoxidesAbstractThe study of the chemis
3、try of metal alkoxides,which began more than 100 years ago,is now experiencing a renaissance connected with the broad application of these compounds as molecular precursors in the synthesis of materials of modern technology based on simple and complex oxides.The solution of this problem is occupying
4、 a wide circle of inorganic chemists,technologists specializing in fine synthesis in nonaqueous media,and those working on the production of film and coatings.The application of metal alkoxides in the first step of sol-gel technology can benefit from this monograph covering the modern literature dev
5、oted to all the steps of this process. Magnesium alcoholates Mg(OR)2,R=alkyl,are solids sensitive to hydrolysis which can be used in organic synthesis as selective bases and as constisuents of ploymerising catalysts.Due to the ability of the bivalent magnesium cation to from stable chelate complexes
6、 with carbonyl compounds,magnesium methylate for example is used as a selective carbonyl condensing agent. The old chemical way to produce metal alkoxides were used to use Mxx=Hal,R,H,N(SiMe) to react with alcohol.But this way what the processing is very complex.We find raw and processed materials a
7、re difficult to get and has low productivity.Purity did not come through.So people work hard in order to find a new approach to synthesize metal alkoxides. Organic electyolysis synthesis is often working under normal pressure and temperature,we may adjust electrode potential to control the direction
8、 and velocity of electrode reaction.As report goes,this way can acquire the high purity of metal alkoxides,the working condition is very good,final treatment is easy,environmental pollution is less.So we know that this is a good synthesize direction for metal alkoxides. In this article,we will use e
9、lectrochemical synthesis to produce magnesium alcoholates in absolute alcohol to get Mg(OEt)2 at first hand.Key Words：metal alkoxides；electrochemical synthesis；magnesium alcoholate目目 录录摘 要.1Abstract.2引 言.11 绪论.21.1 课题研究背景.21.2 课题的研究内容.31.3 课题研究的意义.32 金属醇盐概述.42.1 金属醇盐的物理化学性质 .42.1.1 金属醇盐的物理性质.42.1.2 金属醇盐的化学性质.62.2 金属醇盐的分类.82.3 金属醇盐的发展概况.82.4 金属醇盐的电化学合成方法.92.5 金属醇盐应用进展.93 电化学方法制备醇镁化合物.103.1 实验部分.103.1.1 实验方法.103.1.2 实验目的.103.1.3 原料、试剂及实验仪器.103.1.4 试验步骤.
