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1、摘要粮食是关系国计民生的重要战略性物资，是经济发展、社会稳定和政治稳定的基础。粮食问题不仅是一个重大的经济问题，还是一个重大的政治问题。新中国成立以来，解决中国众多人口的吃饭问题一直是党和政府十分重视的问题。党为此进行了艰难的探索，尽管在前进的道路上有过失败的经验教训，但总的来说，我国粮食工作尤其是改革开放以来的粮食工作取得了很大的成绩。当今世界国际竞争日趋激烈，如何在激烈的国际环境下，更好地加强党对粮食工作的领导，确保我国粮食安全，很值得我们认真加以研究和思考。今年是改革开放 30 周年，本文以改革开放新时期党的粮食政策为主线，在掌握大量史实资料的基础上，运用文献研究法、经验总结法等研究方法
2、重点分析了各个时期粮食形势及粮食政策演变原因、结果和影响，总结其成功经验和不足。这对我们今后更好地开展粮食工作，坚定我们走中国特色社会主义道路的信心和自觉性，具有重要现实意义。本文共五章。第一章对建国后至改革开放前近三十年党领导的粮食工作的四个时期进行了回顾和评析。第二章、第三章、第四章分别对改革开放以来党领导粮食工作经历的三个阶段进行了较全面梳理、总结和研究。其中，第一阶段为政策重大突破时期（1979年-1984 年）：即家庭联产承包责任制的全面推行和粮食政策的调整时期，粮食形势出现前所未有的大好局面。第二阶段为政策逐步调整、改革时期（1985 年-1998 年）：即进一步改革和完善粮食购销
3、政策，逐步建立起适应社会主义市场经济体制的粮食体制时期，党对粮食的宏观调控能力逐步得到加强，粮食形势总的来说是好的。第三阶段为政策进一步调整、改革、完善时期（1999 年至今）：即积极推进粮改和农村税费改革，加大对农业和粮食生产的支持保护力度时期，党对粮食的宏观调控能力不断加强和完善，粮食形势自 2004 年以来一直很好。第五章比较全面地总结了改革开放以来党领导粮食工作取得的基本经验。对于我们这个约占世界人口 20%的人口大国，粮食问题只能靠我们自己解决，我们必须增强忧患意识，加强和改善党对粮食工作的领导，采取坚决有效措施，保护和调动种粮农民积极性，保持粮食生产的持续稳定发展，确保我国粮食安全
4、，为经济社会的稳定发展和国家的长治久安提供重要保障。关键词：中国共产党；粮食工作；领导；改革开放；基本经验IAbstractThe grain is the important strategic commodity that relates the national economy and thepeoples livelihood, is the foundation of the economic development, the social stability andthe political stability. The grain question is not only a v
5、ital economic problem, a significantpolitical issue. Since Peoples Republic of China was established, to solve the Chinesenumerous populations to eat meal has been the question which the party and the governmenttakes seriously. The party has carried on the difficult exploration for this reason, alth
6、ough hashad defeats experience and the extremely painful lesson on the advance path, our countrygrain work particularly reform and open policys grain work has made great progress. Theworld international competition day by day is now intense, under the intense internationalenvironment, how to strengt
7、hen the partys leadership over grain work to guarantee our foodsecurity, is worth us earnest studying and ponder. This year is the reform and open policy 30thanniversary, this article takes partys grain policy as the master line during the reform andopen policy time, based on the massive historical
8、evidence material, using the literaturemethodology, the experience summarized research technique selective analyses each periodfood situations and the grain policy evolution reason, the result and the influence, summarizesits successful experience and the insufficiency. This will do the grain work w
9、ell from now onto us, will strengthen us to walk the Chinese characteristic socialist roads confidence andself-consciousness, and must be have the vital practical significance.This article has five chapters. The first chapter reviews and evaluates the grain work fourtimes which near 30 years parties
10、 led from the founding of the nation to carrying on reformand open policy. The second chapter, the third chapter, the fourth chapter separatelysummarizes and comprehensively researches the grain works three stages for which the partyhas led since carrying on the reform and open policy. And, the firs
11、t stage for policyadjustment time (1979-1984): Namely family joint production contract management systemscomprehensive carrying out and the grain policys adjustment time, the food situation has theunprecedented excellent situation. The second stage adjusted, the reform time gradually forthe policy (
12、1985-1998): Namely further reforms and the consummation grain buying andselling policy, establishes the adaptation socialist market economic systems grain system timegradually, the party obtains gradually to the grain macroeconomic regulation and controlability strengthens, the food situation genera
13、lly speaking is good. The third stage furtheradjusts, the reform, the consummation time for the policy (1999 to now): Namely advancesthe grain to change positively with the countryside taxes and fees reform, enlarges toagricultural and grain market support protection dynamics time, the party strengt
14、hensIIunceasingly to the grain macroeconomic regulation and control ability and consummates, thefood situation has been very good since 2004. The fifth chapter has comprehensivelysummarized the partys basic experience on the grain work since the reform and open policy.Regarding our approximately the
15、 world population 20% large population, the grain questioncan only depend on us to solve, we must strengthen the sense of hardship, strengthens andimproves the party leadership over grain work, takes the firm effective action, the protectionand the reassignment planting crops farmer enthusiasm, main
16、tains the food productioncontinues the steady progression, guaranteed that our country food security, provides theimportant safeguard for economic societys steady progression and the national long-termpeace and good government.Keywords: Communist Party of China；Grain work；Leadership；Reform and open policy；BasicexperienceIII湘潭大学学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名：彭秋香日期：
