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1、智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福写作三个重点要素-智课教育旗下智课教育本文和大家分享的是有关托福写作要点解析的内容，为大家的托福 考试助力。考生可以在复习的时候参考使用，希望大家都能取得理想的 考试成绩。 托福写作中的每篇文章都是由段落构成的，所以一篇好的文章必须 每段起到它的作用，那么每个段落怎样安排内容最恰当呢？一个段落必 须有一个中心即主题思想，有若干推展句、论据，使主题思想得到充分 展开并且用拓展句观点支持主题，这就是完整性。下面我们就对这三个 托福写作要点分别加以说明。 1.统一性 一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想 之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：J
2、oe and I decided to take the long trip wed always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the c
3、ountry. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico. 本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the c
4、ountry。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作 文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences(不相关语句)而丢分，值得引起注意。再看一个例子： My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weig
5、h two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for anexercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen
6、 laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby. 本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。 从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sen
7、tences。卷面上如果这种句子多 了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。 2.完整性 正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如 果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整 的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待， 给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如 ：Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides,
8、 it is more useful to workyou produce something rather than more anxiety or depression. 本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提 出的问题。什么是 “a mind in turmoil“(心境不平静)Physical work又 如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确 的答案。 由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100-120个词的三段式短文 ，每一段只有大约40个词左右，因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明 。例如： It is not always true
9、 that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but acareful writer can almost always explain it. 段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。 上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简 而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比
10、如下段： It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you cant swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming “Help“? 3.连贯性(coherence) 连贯性包括意连和形连
11、两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者 指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有 意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连 ，有时行文就不够流畅。 1) 意连 段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如 果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的 好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。 A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and
12、 we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast； we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine oclock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours - it must have been close to noonthe heat nearly hid us in； the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our dr
13、inking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four oclock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nea
14、rly went down a steep cliff, draggingMohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day. 本段从 “rose“(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐(“not to miss breakfast“, “closing at nine oclock“)，然后是 “close
15、 to noon“，一直写到这一天结束(“By nine“)。 B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如： From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice th
16、at the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those wind
