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1、国内图书分类号：U491 国际图书分类号：580工学硕士学位论文基于车道建模的区域应急疏散路径规划问题研究硕 士 研 究 生： 佟晶晶导师： 王健副教授申 请 学 位： 工学硕士学 科 、 专 业： 交通信息工程及控制所 在 单 位： 交通科学与工程学院答 辩 日 期： 2008 年 6 月授予学位单位： 哈尔滨工业大学Classified Index: U491 U.D.C: 580Dissertation for the Master Degree of EngineeringSTUDY ON LANE-BASEDNETWORK MODEL FOR REGIONALEMERGENCY EV
2、ACUATIONROUTING PLANSCandidate: Supervisor:Academic Degree Applied for:Specialty:Affiliation:Date of Oral Examination: University:Tong Jingjing Associate Prof. Wang JianMaster of Engineering Traffic Information Engineering and ControlSchool of Transportation Science and EngineeringJune, 2008Harbin I
3、nstitute of Technology-哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文摘要疏散是应急管理中的一种常用策略，在应急疏散过程中，如何提高疏散 效率、减少延误时间是至关重要的。在传统的基于路段层面的节点-弧网络 模型中，交叉口处的交织车流往往会产生车流冲突，导致大量的延误，而基 于车道建模的疏散方法能够减少这种延误。因此，本文在车道的层面上，构 建应急疏散扩展网络流模型，研究如何减少交叉口合流点和冲突点的数量， 从而提高应急道路疏散效率。 在基于车道建模的疏散方案中，交叉口处的某些转向是受限制的，这种 疏散方案通过对车辆疏散路径进行诱导，最大限度的避免交叉口冲突点以及 合流点的产生，将许多具有
4、潜在交通延误的交叉口变成了提供不间断流的交 通设施，从而减少了疏散时间，有利于提高路网整体疏散效率。本文把车道作为研究实体，克服了传统的路段层面上的节点-弧网络模 型的不足，充分体现了交叉口冲突点和合流点存在与否与存在多少的情况， 通过消除交叉口冲突点、降低合流点数量以减少交叉口的延误和总的疏散时 间。在此基础上，本文提出以总体疏散费用最小为目标，以消除冲突点、减 少合流点、流守恒、流非负、节点和弧段的通行能力限制等为约束条件的扩 展网络流模型，用于求解区域疏散最佳交通组织策略，特别是交叉口处的交 通组织策略。本文建立了一个基于车道层面的小型疏散网络，利用 Lingo 软件求解该 数学规划模型
5、。该小型疏散网络的计算结果表明：采用传统的路段层面上的节点-弧网络模型求得的每单位小时路网模型内车流疏散费用为 68h，而应 用本文所提出的基于车道层面的疏散扩展网络流模型，每单位小时路网模型内车流疏散费用为 64h，疏散效率提高了 5.88%。效率提高的原因在于：在 同样程度最小化疏散费用的同时，基于车道层面的扩展网络流模型最小化了冲突点及合流点数量，而传统的路段层面上的节点-弧网络模型没有将冲突 点及合流点的影响考虑在内。关键词应急疏散；扩展网络流；车道路网模型；路径规划；合流点-I-哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文AbstractEvacuation is a common strateg
6、y in emergency management. How toimprove evacuation efficiency and decrease delay are very important in theemergency evacuation. In the traditional road-based network model, there aremuch potential delays because of the traffic conflicts, which produced bymerging flow. And the lane-based network mod
7、el for evacuation can reduce suchkind of delay. Thus, based on the lane network, this paper establishes anemergency evacuation extension network model, and studies on how to decreasethe number of merging-conflicts and crossing-conflicts. Therefore, emergencynetwork evacuation efficiency is improved.
8、In the evacuation plan of lane-based network model, some turnings inintersections are restricted, which make the intersections with potential delays tobe traffic facilities that provided continuous flow, since the number of merging-conflicts and crossing-conflicts in intersections are reduced to a m
9、aximum extent.Thus, the whole evacuation efficiency can be improved.This paper puts lane into research entity, which overcomes the deficiency ofroad-based node-link model. The lane-based network model shows that whetherthe crossing-conflicts and merging-conflicts are exited or not in the intersectio
10、ns,and the traffic delays as while as the whole evacuation time can be decreased byreducing the crossing-conflicts and merging-conflicts. And it presents anextension network model. The objective of the model is minimizing the wholeevacuate cost, and the constraint conditions are eliminating crossing
11、-conflicts,reducing confluences, flow conservation and non-negative, restricting the trafficcapacity of nodes as while as arcs and so on. The model is used to solve theoptimal traffic organization strategies of regional evacuation, especially in theintersections.This paper establishes a small lane-b
12、ased evacuation model, and uses theLingo software to solve this mathematical programming model. The result shows- II -哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文that the evacuation cost of per-time network is 68h with the traditional road-based node-link network model, while when using the lane-based extensionnetwork model rep
13、resented in this paper, the evacuation cost of per-time networkis 64h, which make the evacuation efficiency improves by 5.88%. The reason isthat when minimizing the evacuation cost at the same degree, the merging can beavoided when using the lane-based extension network model while the traditionalro
14、ad-based node-link network model can not consider it.Keywordsemergency evacuation; extension network model; lane-basedevacuation model; routing plan; merging-conflict- III -哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文目录摘要 . I Abstract . II第 1 章 绪论 .1 1.1 研究的背景及意义 .1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .2 1.2.1 国外研究现状 .2 1.2.2 国内研究现状 .6 1.2.3 国内外研究现状评价 .10 1.3 主要研究内容 .
