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1、摘要艺对污染物的去除效果基本上达到了预期效果。关键词：EGSB；人工快速渗滤；低浓度有机废水；吸附； 影响因素IIAbstractAbstractWith the development of rural economy in our country, the water pollution in ruralareas is becoming increasingly serious, which not only constrains the coordinateddevelopment of rural economy and society, but also seriously end
2、anger human health.The current state of environmental issues more and more attention to rural water, ruralwater pollution has become an important new task of rural development. Therefore, thestudy for the development of high efficiency and low consumption of rural sewagetreatment technology has impo
3、rtant practical significance. The treatment of EGSB andCRI on low concentration organic wastewater were studied.At a temperature of 12.528.5C, influent COD concentration of 70593.2mg/L,HRT of 48h36h , using aerobic sludge as seed sludge, the startup of EGSB reactor atroom temperature was studied. Af
4、ter 70 days the startup of reactor was completedsuccessfully, the average COD removal rate reached above 80%. The results showedthat temperature, pH, influent COD concentration, volatile acids, alkalinity were themain factors that effected the reactors startup.According to the results of previous st
5、udies, zeolite, ceramic, river sand, quartzsand were chose initially as filter media of CRI, and the adsorption properties of filtermedia were determined through adsorption and orthogonal experiments. The resultsshowed that the best pollutant adsorption equilibrium time of four different filter medi
6、aon different pollutants was different. The best adsorption equilibrium time of zeolite onammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and phosphorus was 2h, 30min,20min, 2h, respectively. The best adsorption equilibrium time of ceramic ammonianitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and
7、 phosphorus was 2h, 20min, 2h, 2h,respectively. The best adsorption equilibrium time of river sand on ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and phosphorus was 2h, 30min, 30min, 2h, respectively.The best adsorption equilibrium time of quartz on ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen,nitrite
8、 nitrogen and phosphorus was 2h, 4h, 20min, 2h, respectively. The adsorptionresults showed that adsorption performance of zeolite, ceramic on the N, P is better thanriver sand, quartz sand. It could be seen from the orthogonal test, the greatest influencefactors on the adsorption media is filter med
9、ia dosage, followed by the adsorption time,IIIAbstractthe effect of solution temperature and solution pH value on adsorption of ammonia isnot great.At a temperature of 26.931C, HRT of 24h, 18h, 12h, 8h, 4h, the treatment ofEGSB reactor on low concentration organic wastewater was researched. At a HRT
10、 of24h, average COD removal rate was 63.0%. At a HRT of 18h, average COD removalrate was 74.3%. At a HRT of 12h, average COD removal rate was 77.4%. At a HRT of8h, average COD removal rate was 33.1%. At a HRT of 4h, average COD removal ratewas 31.8%. It could be seen, the COD removal at a HRT of 24h
11、12h is better than atother HRT.In the whole operation, the total average COD removal rate of the entire systemcould reach 84.0%, 72.4%of which was removed by anaerobic reactor.the totalnitrogen removal rate could reach 53.2% on average, 22.57%of which was removed byCRI., total ammonia nitrogen remov
12、al rate could reach 70.3% on average, 25.2%ofwhich was removed by CRI. average removal rate of phosphorus could reach 72.5%,30.5% of which was removed by CRI. It could be seen, COD is mainly removed by theanaerobic reactor, N, P is removed mainly by CRI. Removal of the pollutants largelyachieved the
13、 expected results.Keywords: EGSB; CRI; low concentration organic wastewater; adsorption; influencefactorsIV独创性声明本人郑重声明： 所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得河北工程大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：
14、签字日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解河北工程大学 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权 河北工程大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子文档。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明）学位论文作者签名：导师签名：签字日期：年月日签字日期：年月日第 1 章 绪论第 1 章 绪论1.1 研究背景随着我国农村经济的快速发展，农村生活污水排放数量大，呈逐年增长趋势，且污水成分日趋复杂，是导致水体环境恶化的重要污染源。我国农村人口众多，生活污水量庞大，但处
15、理率很低，造成了严重的污染。据统计，全国农村每年产生生活污水 80 多亿吨，根据 2005 年 10 月对部分省市的调查1结果，96%的村庄没有排水渠道，处理设施建设严重不足2。据统计，目前全国农村每年有超过 2500万吨生活污水直接排放3。根据有关部门的预算，到 2010 年全国 16711 个建制镇和 14168 个乡污水排放量约 270 亿 m34-5。农村生活污水不经处理，直接排放，污染地表水和地下水，威胁农村饮用水安全，并进一步威胁人类的身体健康。目前，农村水环境污染已成为全国水体污染控制的重点，加强农村生活污水治理已成为我国社会主义新农村建设的重要工作。与城镇污水相比，农村生活污水
16、的处理有自己的特点：首先，农村地区技术经济基础薄弱，缺少充足资金和专业技术管理人员，污水处理设施的日常运行和维护难以保证。其次，农村生活污水在排放方式、水质和水量方面具有自身特性，主要表现在：（1）水质特征：绝大多数农村生活污水的性质相差不大，农村生活污水的特征是水质比较稳定，有机物和氮、磷等含量较高，一般不含有毒物质，污水中还含有合成洗涤剂以及细菌、病毒、寄生虫卵等6-7。不同时段的水质也不同。（2）水量特征：农村生活污水量一般都比较小，变化幅度大，排水时间分布不均匀，一日之中在不同的时间段内都有一个高峰时段。（3）排放体制特征：农村生活污水的排放一般呈粗放型。2005 年，建设部对全国部分村庄调查显示：全国约有 96%的村庄没有排水沟渠和污水处理系统，污水沿道路边沟或路面排放至就近的水体7。因此，农村生活污水处理方式不能套用城市污水处理方式，必须结合农村的实际情况和生活污水特点科学来选择低耗高效、低二次污染、抗冲击负荷能力强、管理维护简单的处理模式。近些年来农村生活污水的处理受到国内外的专家学者越来越多的关注，农村生活污水处理技术逐渐成熟，处
