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1、 学校代码:学校代码:1003610036 硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 我国我国零售企业竞争力比较研究零售企业竞争力比较研究 培养单位:国际经济培养单位:国际经济贸易学院贸易学院 专业名称:国际贸易学专业名称:国际贸易学 研究方向:国际运输与物流研究方向:国际运输与物流 作作 者:者:杨杨 帆帆 指导教师:指导教师:王晓东王晓东 副教授副教授 论文日期:论文日期:二一四年三月二一四年三月The comparative study of the competitiveness of Chinas retail enterprises 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位
2、论文,是本人在导师的指导本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文作品成果。对本文所涉及的所涉及的研究研究工作工作做出重要贡献的个人和集做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律律责任责任由本人承担。由本人承担。 特此声明特此声明 学位论文作者签名:学位论文作者签名:
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4、服务;学校有权按照有关规定向国家有关部门或者机构送交论服务;学校有权按照有关规定向国家有关部门或者机构送交论文文; 学校可以采用影印、缩印或者其它方式合理使用学位论文,学校可以采用影印、缩印或者其它方式合理使用学位论文,或将学位论文的内容编入相关数据库供检索;保密的学位论文或将学位论文的内容编入相关数据库供检索;保密的学位论文在解密后遵守此规定。在解密后遵守此规定。 学位论文作者签名:学位论文作者签名: 年年 月月 日日 导师签名:导师签名: 年年 月月 日日 I 摘摘 要要 自 20 世纪 90 年代以来,我国社会消费品零售总额一直呈现持续而高速的增长态势,人民生活水平的不断提高带动社会购买
5、力不断提升的同时,也带动了消费档次和消费结构不断升级,消费者对市场的影响力剧增。作为流通业的主体组成部分之一,零售业打通了生产与消费之间的通道,在满足消费、实现生产上发挥了重要作用。在当前以消费者为主体的市场经济环境中,零售业的终端优势地位日益凸显,其功能已由单纯满足消费转变为引领需求、引导组织生产,在国民经济中的地位也变得越来越重要。 几十年来,相关政策的引导已促使我国流通业改革不断深入,零售业也同时发生了蜕变,取得了较大的发展和进步。然而,其发展过程中仍暴露出诸多问题:一方面,我国零售业虽然从总量上看规模较大,但组织化程度并不高,企业盈利能力有限,特别是与外资零售企业相比,内资零售企业仍处
6、于劣势竞争地位;另一方面,受经济发展水平以及交通等基础设施的影响,我国零售业发展呈现出明显的地区不平衡性,严重影响到整体竞争力。 进入“十二五”时期后,随着经济水平不断提高,建立安全、高效的流通体系已成为我国流通业进一步改革的势在必行之举。 “十二五”规划中已明确指出零售业新时期的发展目标,这使得我国零售业又迎来了新一轮发展机遇,同时也将面临着更加严峻的挑战。鉴于此,有必要针对零售业的发展现状,探寻影响其发展水平的内外部因素,从理论上分析研究当前零售业发展的优势与不足,以有针对性地为零售业改革提出可行建议,推动其更进一步发展。 本文将先后以地区零售业和零售企业为研究对象,首先对我国零售业的发展
7、现状进行分析,研究其发展特点;其次运用因子分析法中的主成分分析法对全国各地区零售业的综合竞争力进行比较分析,并依据综合得分对全国各地区进行分类;接着从企业投入规模、运营效率等角度探索影响零售企业盈利能力的因素,并进行多元线性回归,分析研究各因素对不同类型零售企业的盈利能力的影响程度;最后根据全文实证分析的结果,针对我国零售业未来发展提出相关政策性建议。 关键词:零售业,零售企业,主成分分析,综合竞争力,多元线性回归 II Abstract Since the 1990s, the total retail sales of consumer goods of China have kept g
8、rowing sustainably and at a high-speed. Peoples standard of living has been constantly improving. As a result, the purchasing power increased greatly, and the pattern of consumption also upgraded greatly. Consumers are now playing more and more impact on the market. As one of the main parts of the c
9、irculation industry, the retailing unblocks the road between production and consumption, and has played an important role in meeting consuming demands. In the current market economy which mainly dominated by consumers, the terminal position of the retail industry is becoming more and more obvious. T
10、he function of the retailing has been transferred from purely meeting demand to creating consumption and guiding production, which means that the position of retail in national economy is becoming more and more important. With the deepening of circulation industry reform driven by market and policy,
11、 the retailing also achieved great improvements and progresses. However, there are still many problems to be considered in the process of its development. On the one hand, the total scale of Chinas retail is now large enough, but the level of organization is still low, which leads to the limitation
12、of retail enterprises profitability. When compared to foreign enterprises, most domestic enterprises are still at a disadvantage position. On the other hand, because of the impacts of the level of economic development as well as the infrastructures, the development of retail industry is unbalance be
13、tween different regions, and it has seriously affected the overall competitiveness of Chinas retail. After entering the 12th five-year period, with the continuing development of economy, it will be imperative to build a safe and effective circulation system in China. The 12th five-year plan has alre
14、ady clearly identified the goal of further developing retail, which means that Chinas retail industry will be confronted with new opportunities as well as greater challenges. As a result, it is III urgently necessary to make an in-depth research on the retail industry, so that feasible suggestions c
15、an be put forward to push the retail industry to have a further development. This thesis will take the retail industry and the retail enterprises as the objects of study, and will firstly analyze the status of Chinas retail industry, studying the characteristics of its development. Secondly, Princip
16、al Component Analysis (PCA) will be used to study and compare the comprehensive competence of different regions, and classify the regions based on the comprehensive scores. Thirdly, to in-depth exploring the factors that influence the retail enterprises profitability, factors including input, operating efficiency will be selected to do Multiple Linear Regressions. Whats more, comp