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1、4短语短语 break 的用法的用法请先看下面三道高考试题：1. The computer system _suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. （2006 年辽宁卷）A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 解析：A 由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“坏了”， 因此应填 broke down。 2. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it _ into parts.
2、（2005 年湖北卷） A. down B. up C. off D. out 解析：A break. down 在此意为“将分解”， 符合语境逻辑。 3. I was still sleeping when the fire _ ， and then it spread quickly. （2006 年广东卷） A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out 解析：A 由 the fire 与 spread 之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“（火灾）发生”， 因此应填 broke out。 以上三题都是考查 break 短语的用法，本文在此对其做一
3、归纳。 1. break down(1)破坏， 毁掉；Who broke down the doors of our classroom? 谁把我们教室的门打坏了？(2) 破除；The old rules must be broken down. 这些陈旧的规章制度必须废4除。(3) 制服；The police tried to break down the prisoners opposition.警方设法制服囚犯的反抗。(4) 坍塌， 坏掉；Because of explosion the bridge broke down last night. 由于爆炸， 昨夜这座桥倒塌了。(5)（计
4、划等）失败， 破裂；Your plan has broken down. What a pity! 你的计划失败了， 真遗憾！ Why did the peace talks break down？为什么和谈失败了？(6)（健康、精神）崩溃；After a long time of hard work， he almost broke down. 长时间艰苦劳动之后， 他的身体几乎垮了。 (7) 分解This matter will break down in water. 这种物质在水中会分解。 2. break up (1) 解散，驱散。如：The police broke up the
5、crowd (the meeting). 警察驱散了人群(集会)。(2) (学校等)放假。如：When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放圣诞节假? 4(3) 结束，破裂。如：The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了。Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒临破裂。(4) 击碎，撞碎。如：The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了。Lets break up the whole into parts. 让我们化整为零。(5) 绝
6、交。如：Shes just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交。3. break in 破门而入，破门而入， 打断打断 Last night a thief broke in and stole away his camera. 昨夜一个小偷闯了进来， 偷走了他的相机。 He broke in with some ideas of his own. 他插了话， 说了说自己的一些看法。 4.break into 破门而入，破门而入， 突然突然起来起来 They broke into the prison and set free all the pri
7、soners. 他们冲进监狱，释放了所有的囚犯。 Hearing the sad news，the old woman broke into tears. 听到这个悲哀的消息， 这位老年妇女突然哭了起来。 45. break out 战争爆发，战争爆发， 争吵爆发，争吵爆发， （火灾）发生（火灾）发生 When did the war break out? 这场战争是什么时候爆发的？ I have heard that a quarrel broke out between them. 我听说他们之间爆发了争吵。 More than one hundred fires broke out in
8、 our city last year. 去年我市发生了一百多起火灾。 6. break away from 打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯 You must break away from these old customs. 你们必须破除这些旧风俗。 The dog broke away from its owner and ran away. 狗挣脱了主人， 跑了。 Youd better break away from the habit of smoking. 你最好改掉吸烟的习惯。 7. break through 出现，突破出现，突破 It was a
9、cloudy day，but the sun at last broke through.原本是个阴天,不过太阳最后还是出来了。 Our soldiers successfully broke through the enemys defences. 我们的战士成功地突破了敌军的防线。8. break into pieces 破成碎片破成碎片 4The mirror fell to the ground and broke into pieces. 镜子掉到地上摔成了碎片。 9. break ones word/promise 食言，食言， 说话不算数说话不算数 I believe in hi
10、m， because he never breaks his word / promise. 我信任他， 因为他从来不食言。 10. break the law/rule 违反法律违反法律/规章制度规章制度 Nobody can break the rules of our company. 没有人能违背我们公司的规章制度。 11. break forth 突然发出，突然发出， 爆发，爆发， 迸发，迸发， 发作发作 The crowd broke forth in cheers. 欢呼声从人群中迸发出来。 12. break in two 使破成两半使破成两半 When I hit the ball， my bat broke in two. 击球时我的球拍断成两截。 13. break the record 打破纪录打破纪录 This athlete has just broken the world record in mens high jump. 这名运动员刚刚打破了男子跳高世界纪录。 14. break ones heart 使某人心碎，使某人心碎， 使某人悲痛欲绝使某人悲痛欲绝 4To tell you the truth， the bad news broke my heart at that time. 说实话， 那时这个坏消息使我悲痛万分。
