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1、The Use of CFD and VR to Improve Mine SafetyI.S Lowndes1, S.Silvester1, S.Pickering2, Amr Hassan2. 1The Nottingham Mining and Minerals Centre, SChEME2School 4M University of NottinghamAbstractThis paper summarizes the results of a number of current and recently completed RFCS research projects in th
2、e field of mine safety conducted at the University of Nottingham. All of these research projects have employed computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models, validated by physical data collected from both scale experiments and full-scale facilities. The paper highlights the use of CFD models to both impr
3、ove the fundamental understanding of the cause and effects of common underground hazards, and to assist in the improved design and operation of underground environmental control systems. An important product of these research studies has been the development of improved methods to visualize the occu
4、rrence of environmental hazards such as the dispersion of hazardous gas or dust emissions. This feature is demonstrated by the presentation of the simulations produced by CFD models of the ventilation of a rapid development drivage within a prototype virtual reality (VR) environment.1: IntroductionT
5、he rapid development of mine drivages using continuous miners to serve longwall retreat faces can exacerbate the environmental conditions experienced within such headings in terms of increased levels of methane, dust and heat. There is a recognized operational need to investigate the various types o
6、f auxiliary ventilation configurations that may be employed within these working to determine the configurations that provide an adequate and safe working environment. In recent times there has been a growing adoption of computational based simulations as predictive tools for assessing ventilation f
7、low regimes. The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to such problems has been facilitated by the exponential growth in computer hardware performance and decrease in costs. Due to these recent advances in computer processing power CFD has been used to solve a wide range of large and co
8、mplex flow problems across many branches of engineering. The increase in processor speed has also enabled the development of improved post processing and graphical techniques with which to visualise the results produced by these models. The benefits of Virtual Reality (VR) for the purposes of traini
9、ng personnel in industrial environments is also being increasingly realized and, combined with the availability of powerful computational hardware offers the potential to incorporate the scientific results of a CFD analysis within a VR based training application.The growth of CFD used as a predictiv
10、e tool in the mining industry spans many applications. Advances in CFD modeling capabilities has seen CFD diversify as a simple tool for predicting airflows to a much broader method for tackling complex processes involving fire or combustion. This area is of particular importance within the subsurfa
11、ce mine environment where conveyor belting fires continue to pose a potential risk to worker safety. It has been shown that simple CFD based combustion models can be adapted such that the spread of fire along a PVC based conveyor belt can be modeled and the characteristic of flame spread captured. T
12、he expansion of CFD and VR based methods of analysis is therefore set to continue with ever more complex processes being described through computational simulation. This will enable engineers to gain a better understanding and subsequent control of the mining environment.2: The evaluation of the des
13、ign and operation of alternative auxiliary ventilation layouts for use with continuous miner systems in rapid development drivagesThe objective of this project was to investigate the different auxiliary ventilation configurations that may be used in conjunction with continuous miners in rapid develo
14、pment drivages.Three consecutive experimental and computer modeling phases were undertaken, each phase consisting of a series of experiments, the results of which were then used to calibrate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. The experiments produced a series of results that indicated genera
15、l flow characteristics. As an adjunct to the later full- scale experimental phases, the CFD models were extended to investigate a series of alternative auxiliary ventilation configurations. The experimental aspects of the three phases consisted respectively of: scale model tests; full-scale tests co
16、nducted in a custom built surface training gallery; and underground ventilation surveys conducted in an active underground heading. The calibrated CFD models were used to assess the efficacy of alternative ventilation layouts, both in terms of air flows and methane gas dispersion. As part of the underground trials, a complementary climate survey was conducted. The results of a series of subsequent climate prediction studies are presented.
