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1、中南民族大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 教育评估作为新兴的教育科学研究领域和教育管理的有效手段，是目前国内外研究的热点话题；重视教育评估，研究教育评估，已成为世界教育管理的普遍而一致的要求。在我国，具有现代意义的高等教育评估研究和实践开始于 20 世纪80 年代，经过 20 多年的发展，已基本形成了具有中国特色的高等教育评估体系。 学位与研究生教育作为教育的最高层次，其地位随着社会、经济的发展显得越来越重要。开展学位与研究生教育评估是保证和提高教育质量的现实需要，也是我国高等教育体制改革的内在要求。改革开放以来，随着社会主义市场经济的逐步建立，研究生教育系统中政府、培养单位和研究生之间的利益关系
2、发生了深刻变化，对原有的研究生教育评估体系产生了巨大的冲击。因此，本文运用系统科学的方法研究学位与研究生教育评估，针对目前我国学位与研究生教育评估中存在的问题展开探讨，以构建适应评估主体多元化需要的研究生教育评估体系。 本文分四部分展开论述。 第一部分为绪论，首先概括的论述了我国开展学位与研究生教育评估的背景及其意义，这也是撰写本文的必要性；其次回顾了国外研究生教育评估的发展历程，考察了其特点；接着讨论了评估研究的三要素，即评估对象、评估指标体系和评判者，并对三者的关系进行了说明；最后在总结前人研究成果的基础上简述了本论文的结构及研究方法。 第二部分研究了学位与研究生教育评估这一新兴交叉学科的
3、理论基础。遵循教育科学的基本规律，在辩证唯物主义原理指导下，运用系统论、信息论等方法是本文研究的基础，其次对学位与研究生教育评估的概念进行了界定，分析了教育评估、高等教育评估、学位与研究生教育评估三者的关系；然后介绍了学位与研究生教育评估的基本任务、评估原则、分类、评估方法以及高等教育的评估流程。 论文第三部分探讨并分析了我国学位与研究生教育评估的现状。这一部分首先对我国学位与研究生教育的特殊性进行了简单的介绍；接着从宏观上分两个阶段回顾了我国学位与研究生教育评估的发展轨迹，对我国目前的学位与研究生教育评估体系作出了客观评价；最后针对我国当前学位与研究生教育评估中存在的对我国学位与研究生教育评
4、估的思考 II 问题着重做了分析，为后面提出改进我国现行的学位与研究生教育评估的思路打下了基础。 最后本文结合前面的理论分析和经验借鉴，在我国现状分析的基础上，从转变政府职能入手，提出了具体的关于改进我国学位与研究生教育评估方法的思路和建议。政府、社会和高校之间应明确各自的责任，各司其职。政府应加强宏观调控，把管理和具体操作分开，从直接领导和参与的行政型评估向间接参与型评估转变。从社会方面来说，应逐步建立研究生培养市场评价机制，积极建立独立、公正、专业性的社会评价中介机构。高校应在政府宏观管理下面向社会自主办学，同时还应强化高等学校内部自评机制。 面对 21 世纪的挑战，我国的学位与研究生教育
5、评估应当大胆吸收国外有益的经验，立足于国情，形成新的理念，寻求新的对策，以改善和加强学位与研究生教育评估管理，健全我国的学位与研究生教育评估体系。这是本文力求研究的宗旨，也是笔者后续研究的主要方向。 关键词： 学位与研究生教育评估；问题；对策 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 III ABSTRACT For a new developing research field of science of education and effective measures of education management, education evaluation has been a hot topic bo
6、th home and abroad. Paying attention to education evaluation and instigating it has come to an agreed requirement for international education management. In china, modern evaluation research and practice in higher education began in the eighties of the 20th century, and have already formed the evalu
7、ation system with Chinese characteristics, after more than 20 years of development. As the top level of education, academic degrees and graduate education has become more and more important as the society and economy develops. Evaluation of academic degrees and graduate education is the reality need
8、 to guarantee and improve the quality of education. And it is also the inherent demand for the reform of the higher education. With the gradual setting- up of socialist market economy after reform and opening- up, the interests relationship among government, university and graduate student has chang
9、ed a lot, which caused the enormous impact on the existing evaluation system. As the result, this thesis adopts the method of systematical science, and launches the discussion aiming at problems existing in our evaluation system in order to meet the needs of assessing subject in pluralism. The thesi
10、s carries out discussions in four parts. In the first part, which is the preface and conclusion, we introduce the background and meaning of the evaluation of academic degrees and graduate education in china, which is also the necessity of writing this thesis .Then we review the development course in
11、 foreign evaluation of academic degrees and graduate education, talking about their characteristics. Thirdly, we introduce three key elements in evaluation studying, that is target, indicator system and the judger. Finally sketch the structure of the thesis and research approachs on the basis of sum
12、marizing forefathers research results. The second part is about theoretical foundation of evaluation of academic degrees and graduate education. Under the guidance of dialectical materialism principle, in writing we should follow the basic law of the science of education, and use the systematic theo
13、ry, information theory, etc. Then define its Concept, probing the relationship of education evaluation, evaluation in higher education school and the evaluation of academic degrees and graduate education .In which the main task, principle, and categorized method of the evaluation of academic degrees
14、 and graduate education are focused on. At last, the operational flow of education evaluation in higher education is introduced. As for the third part, we have probed the current condition and main problems of evaluation in china. Above all, we explain simply the characteristics of Chinese graduate
15、education, and look back the development orbit from the macroscopic, then make analysis emphatically on existing problems nowadays, and come to the objective 对我国学位与研究生教育评估的思考 IV appraisal. All this is to put forward the thinking of improving our countrys current evaluation of academic degrees and gr
16、aduate education. Finally, combining preceding theory analysis and experiences to draw lessons from, in addition to our countrys current situation, we put forward the concrete thinking and suggestions. Government, the society and university should define their own responsibilities. The government should strengthen macro adjustments and controls, and separate management and operating specifically. The society should set up market evaluation m
