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1、中 南 民 族 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 I摘摘 要要 20 世纪 90 年代在家庭联产承包责任制的基础上，中国农业出现了一次较大影响的变革，即农业产业化经营。这种经营方式主要是以国内外市场为导向，以提高经济效益为中心，对当地农业的支柱产业和主导产品实行区域化布局、专业化生产、一体化经营、社会化服务、企业化管理、把产、供、销，农、工、贸、经、科、教紧密结合起来，形成一条龙的经营体制，使农业经济进入了一个新的发展阶段。但作为农业大国，个别地区的发展，并不代表中国农业的整体现状，大部分地区尚没有摆脱自给自足的自然经济的影响，依然停留在传统农业的发展阶段。加入 WTO 后，中国的农业将面临着更
2、加严峻的挑战，由于我国农业在资源、规模以及竞争能力等方面都明显逊于国外，在失去所有保护农产品非关税手段之后，中国农业更处于一种不利的地位，要想扭转这种不利局面，变传统农业为现代农业是农业发展的根本出路。发展现代农业就要调整产业结构，发展生态农业、特色农业等。云南具有发展特色农业的有利条件。首先，云南具有资源优势，云南的支柱产业烟、糖、茶、咖啡、橡胶等产品远销国内外；云南是奇花异草的世界，其花卉香飘万里；云南是中药材的宝库，三七、诃子等声名远播。其次，云南具有区位优势，云南与缅甸、老挝、越南接壤，边境线长；云南口岸多，出境公路多，交通便利；云南位于中国东盟自由贸易区的前沿为云南在更高更广的层次上
3、参与国际经济合作提供了新的机遇。第三，云南具有规模优势，云南的烟、糖、茶、橡胶、花卉、咖啡等是中国重要的生产和出口基地。第四，云南具有生态优势，云南在建设“绿色经济强省”方针指引下，打造绿色品牌，形成了一大批绿色农产品生产加工的名牌企业和产品。第五，云南具有特色农产品生产方面的技术优势。 现代农业面向国内外两个市场，离不开特色农产品对外贸易。发展特色农产品对外贸易有利于调整产业结构、增加外汇收入、增加就业，有利于参与国际经济分工与合作，这些对于经济实力不很强大的云南来说显得尤为重要。 实践离不开理论的指导。传统的对外贸易理论主要有亚当斯密的“绝对成本”理论、李嘉图的“相对成本”理论和赫克歇尔和
4、俄林的要素禀赋理论。二战以后，由于世界经济格局出现新的变化、新的特点，对外贸易理论进入新的发展阶段，一些新的理论如产品生命周期论、人力资本论、技术贸易论、收入偏好论、产业内贸易论等应运而生。本文在这些理论的指导下分析了云南特色农产品对外贸易的现状及存在的问题，分析了影响对外贸易竞争力的主要因素及这些因素对云南特色农产品对外贸易的影响，结合国际农产品对外贸易发展新趋势，针对云云 南 特 色 农 产 品 对 外 贸 易 探 析 II南特色农产品对外贸易的实际状况，提出了引进新的品种、调整产业结构、推进标准化体系建设、发展新型贸易方式等一系列措施。 关键词：关键词：云南 特色农产品 对外贸易 中 南
5、 民 族 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 IIIABSTRACT On the basis of family-contract responsibility system, Chinese agriculture presented a change on greater influence in China in the 1990s, namely the industrialization of agricultural managing. This kind of management mode is mainly to take domestic and international
6、markets as the direction , centre on increasing economic efficiency, implement the area overall arrangement to the pillar industry of local agriculture and leading products, specialized production , an organic whole management , socializing serving , commercialized management,conbine producing,suppl
7、ying and selling, agriculture, industry and trade,economy,science and teaching together closely , form a streamlining management system, make agricultural economy enter a new developing stage .But as the large agricultural country, the development of the specific area, does not represent the whole c
8、urrent situation of Chinese agriculture , most areas have not still got rid of the influence of self-sufficient natural economy , still remained at the developing stage of traditional agriculture. After joining WTO, the agriculture of China will face more severe challenge, because the agriculture of
9、 our country is obviously inferior to abroad in such aspects as resource , scale and competitive power, after losing the non-tariff means of agricultural product of protection, Chinese agriculture is in a kind of unfavorable more position, if you want to turn back such unfavorable situation, it is t
10、he basic outlet of agricultural development to change traditional agriculture into modern agriculture. Developing modern agriculture must adjust the industrial structure , develop ecological agriculture , characteristic agriculture ,etc. Yunnan has advantage of developing characteristic agriculture.
11、 First of all, Yunnan have a resource advantage. Such products as the pillar industry cigarette , candy , tea , coffee , rubber in Yunnan ,etc. find a good sale both at home and abroad; Yunnan is the world of the exotic flowers and rare herbs, its flowers fragrance spreads ten thousand li; Yunnan is
12、 the treasure-house of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, pseudo-ginseng , myrobalan ,etc. enjoy a widespread reputation. Secondly, Yunnan has a position advantage. Yunnan and Burma , Laos , Vietnam are boarded by, the boundary line is long; There are many ports of Yunnan, the highway is easil
13、y accessible more to leave the country; Yunnan lies in China- front of ASEAN Free Trade Area in high to participate in international economy coorperate and provide the 云 南 特 色 农 产 品 对 外 贸 易 探 析 IVnew opportunity at the wide level for Yunnan. Third, Yunnan has a scale advantage. Cigarette , candy , t
14、ea , rubber , flowers , coffee of Yunnan ,etc. are Chinas important production and export base. Fourth, Yunnan has the advantage of being ecological. In build green one under economy strong province policy guide , Yunnan makes the green brand, has formed large quantities of the famous-brand enterpri
15、se and products processed of green agricultural products. The fifth, Yunnan has a technological advantage of producing the respect of characteristic agricultural products. Modern agriculture faces domestic and international markets and can not leave characteristic agricultural product foreign trade.
16、 It helps to adjust the industrial structure , increase the exchange revenue , increase employment to develop foreign trade of characteristic agricultural products, helps to participate in international economy division and cooperate , these seem particularly important to Yunnan not very strong of the economic strength. Practice is due to the guidance of the theory. There are Adam Smiths “ absolute cost “ theory, Ricardos “ relative cost “ theory and the factor endowment theory of He
