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1、太原理工大学硕士学位论文明渠流量计的智能化研究与开发姓名：薛敏申请学位级别：硕士专业：检测技术与自动化装置指导教师：马珺20100401太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I明渠流量计的智能化研究与开发 摘 要 太原理工大学研发的板式数字流量计是直接数字取样的数字传感器。为了适应明渠、暗渠及各种污水排放口的计量应用，解决在不同使用环境、使用领域中检测精度等问题，提出了实现流量计智能化的设计方案。 本文综合分析了污水计量的现状、智能仪器及流量计的发展现状及趋势，在深入学习了板式数字流量计的检测原理后，结合当前智能仪表的技术要求，采用软硬件结合的方式设计并完成了流量计的智能化。论文主要研究以下内容：
2、(1)研究学习板式数字流量计的测流原理，找寻并分析流量测量影响因素，提出建立堰槽数据库的设计方案。将堰槽流量公式分类总结，对每个型号的堰或槽都建立其函数信息，完成流量公式数据库的建立。设计硬件电路和软件程序实现根据现场情况不同对数据库的自选择，完成流量计对堰槽的自检测功能。 (2)硬件完善流量计的智能化电路。 设计流量计的自存储、 自处理电路，完成时钟存储芯片对流量数据的实时保存， 实现流量计内部信息本地存储、读取功能，保证维修、维护时对数据的查询和提取。 (3)实现流量计的软件智能化。设计利用判断堰槽淹没度的方法实现流量计对流态的自诊断功能；对所测流量进行迭代法计算和水位补偿，改进流量计的自
3、处理功能；并设计软件对系统硬件电路的自检功能，提高流量太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II计的可维护性。 最后改进了流量实验装置，并将市场上的标准流量计与改进后的智能流量计进行对照实验，对流量计的各项数据进行验证。实验结果证明：经过智能化研究后，有效提高了流量计的容错能力、适应性和可靠性，使其应用范围更加广泛，测量准确性和精度有了进一步的提高。 关键词：明渠流量计，堰，槽，智能化 资助项目：山西省自然基金（2009011059-15） 教育部博士点基金（20091402120006） 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IIIRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIG
4、ENT OPEN CHANNEL FLOW METER ABSTRACT The plate digital flow meter made by Taiyuan University of Technology is a sensor that can do directly digital sampling. To meet the measurement applications of open channels, culverts and various sewage outfall and to solve the detection precision problem in dif
5、ferent environments, this paper proposed the design to achieve intelligent of the flow meter. The status of sewage metering, intelligent instruments and the development situation of meters was analyzed.The detection principle of digital flow meter was studied.Connecting with the technical requiremen
6、ts of the intelligent instrument, the intelligence design of flow meter was completed by hardware and software.The major content of this artcle is following: (1) The design of a weir tank equation database establishment was proposed by studying the measurement principle of plate digital and analyzin
7、g the affecting factors in flow measurement.The weir and slot discharge formula was summarized and classified. Each type of weir or slot was built the function of discharge formula information. So the flow equation database was completed. Hardware circuit and software programs was designed to achiev
8、e the selection of the database according to the different site.The self-test function of the weir 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IVtank in the flow meter was Completed. (2) Perfect the circuit hardware of the flow meter. self storage, self-processing circuit of the flow meter was designed. The data stored on the
9、real-time traffic was completed by clock memory chips to ensure maintenance of the data query and extraction. (3) Achieve intelligent software of the flow meter. The self-diagnostic function of flow state in the flowmeter was achieved by judging the critical submergence.Self-processing functions of
10、the flow meter was improved through calculating water level by iterative method and water level compensation.And design self-test function by software to improve the maintainability of the flow meter. Finally the flow meter experimental devices was improved.The intelligent function of the flow meter
11、 was verified by doing experiments with standard flow meter in market. Experimental results show that the fault tolerance, adaptability and reliability of the flow meter was improved.The range of the flowmeter becomes more widely.The measurement accuracy and precision of the flow meter was also impr
12、oved. KEY WORDS: open channel flow meters, weirs, slots, intelligent 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 VII图表索引 图 1- 1 微机嵌入式智能仪器的原理框图. 2 图 1- 2 个人计算机仪器（PCI）结构图. 3 图 2- 1 量水堰槽原理. 10 图 2- 2 常用量水堰槽种类. 10 表 2- 1 堰槽流量测定原理. 11 图 2- 3 流量计的工作原理框图. 11 图 2- 4 板式数字流量计的原理示意图. 12 图 2- 5 信号采集原理框图. 13 表 2- 2 污水类型来源表. 15 图 2- 6 板式数字流
13、量计智能化功能框图. 16 图 3- 1 数字流量计硬件功能框图. 20 图 3- 2 SD2200 ELPI 管脚图. 22 图 3- 3 SD2200ELP 的内部原理框图 . 23 表 3- 1 SD2200ELP 的操作指令. 23 表 3- 2 堰槽与污水性质的适用情况. 25 表 3- 3 堰槽的适用流量范围. 25 图 3- 4 堰槽分类图. 26 图 3- 5 槽堰选择原理框图. 27 表 3- 4 堰槽型号选择表. 27 表 3- 5 管脚连接表. 28 图 3- 6 SD2200ELP 硬件电路图. 28 表 4- 1 巴歇尔槽型号与流量公式的对应表. 36 表 4- 2 数据库中变量的设置. 37 表 4- 3 三种特殊堰口角的流量系数表. 38 表 4- 4 数据库中变量的设置.
