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1、Mysql Cluster 概念概念学习学习汇总汇总 关于 mysql HA(谭俊青 - MySQL 数据库集群高可用设计及应用) MySQL HA Solution MySQL + Shared-Storage MySQL + DRBD (CP) Master + Slave (AP) Master + Slave(SemiSyncReplication) (CP/AP) Multi-Master (AP) MySQL Cluster (CAP? CP/AP) MySQL Cluster 概念（官方） MySQL Cluster is a technology that enables cl
2、ustering of in-memory databases in a shared-nothing system. The shared-nothing architecture enables the system to work with very inexpensive hardware, and with a minimum of specific requirements for hardware or software. MySQL Cluster is designed not to have any single point of failure. In a shared-
3、nothing system, each component is expected to have its own memory and disk, and the use of shared storage mechanisms such as network shares, network file systems, and SANs is not recommended or supported. Mysql cluster 是一种在无共享环境中具有内存数据库性质的集群技术。这种无共享架构使得系统能在不昂贵的设备上运行，对于软件和硬件的特定需求也是最小的。MySQL Cluster 设
4、计避免了单点失败。 在一个无共享的环境里， 每个成员都会用友他们自己的内存和硬盘。共享磁盘机制诸如 网络分享，NFS,和 SAN 是不推荐和不支持的。 MySQL Cluster integrates the standard MySQL server with an in-memory clustered storage engine called NDB(which stands for “Network DataBase”). In our documentation, the term NDB refers to the part of the setup that is specif
5、ic to the storage engine, whereas “MySQL Cluster” refers to the combination of one or more MySQL servers with the NDB storage engine. Mysql 进群 集成了标准的 mysql 服务器。在这里，mysql server 基于了一种内存集群存储引擎，叫做NDB(它是 Network DataBase 的缩写)。在我们的文献中，NDB 特别指代存储引擎，而 Mysql Cluster 指代的基于 ndb 引擎的数据服务器的组合 A MySQL Cluster con
6、sists of a set of computers, known as hosts, each running one or more processes. These processes, known as nodes, may include MySQL servers (for access to NDB data), data nodes (for storage of the data), one or more management servers, and possibly other specialized data access programs. The relatio
7、nship of these components in a MySQL Cluster is shown here: 一个 mysql cluster 集群 由一套电脑构成，叫做 主机。每个主机跑一个或多个进程。这些进程，叫做结点。 这些结点也许包含着 mysql 服务器（获取 NDB 数据）,数据结点（存储数据），一个或多个管理服务器和一些可能的其他特定数据获取程序。这些成员的关系在 mysql 集群如图所示 All these programs work together to form a MySQL Cluster (see Section 18.4, “MySQL Cluster
8、Programs”. When data is stored by the NDB storage engine, the tables (and table data) are stored in the data nodes. Such tables are directly accessible from all other MySQL servers (SQL nodes) in the cluster. Thus, in a payroll application storing data in a cluster, if one application updates the sa
9、lary of an employee, all other MySQL servers that query this data can see this change immediately. Although a MySQL Cluster SQL node uses the mysqld server daemon, it differs in a number of critical respects from the mysqld binary supplied with the MySQL 5.6 distributions, and the two versions of my
10、sqld are not interchangeable. 所有的程序工作在一起构成了 mysql cluster. 当数据被储存在 NDB 引擎中时，表和它的数据被储存在数据结点。这样 表能够直接被其他在集群中的 mysql 服务器获取到。因此，在一个储存数据在集群的交费应用中，如果一个应用更新了一个职员的工资，所有其他 mysql 服务器能马上看到这条数据的变化。尽管一个 mysql cluster 的 sql 节点使用了 mysqld 的服务器守护集成。但它还是与 mysql 5.6 发布的 2 进制 mysqld 程序有很多关键的不同。因此，这两个不可互换的。 In addition,
11、 a MySQL server that is not connected to a MySQL Cluster cannot use the NDB storage engine and cannot access any MySQL Cluster data. 除此之外，一个没有连接到 mysql cluster 的 mysql 服务器是不能用 ndb 存储引擎 也不能获取 mysql cluster 的数据 The data stored in the data nodes for MySQL Cluster can be mirrored; the cluster can handle
12、 failures of individual data nodes with no other impact than that a small number of transactions are aborted due to losing the transaction state. Because transactional applications are expected to handle transaction failure, this should not be a source of problems. 为 MySQL Cluster 存放数据的数据节点的数据是可以被镜像
13、的。集群能够处理个别数据节点的失败而没有其他影响除了少量的会话被放弃了因为失去了会话状态。这是因为会话应用 是被用来控制会话失败的。数据库集群不是问题的源泉。 Individual nodes can be stopped and restarted, and can then rejoin the system (cluster). Rolling restarts (in which all nodes are restarted in turn) are used in making configuration changes and software upgrades (see Sec
14、tion 18.5.5, “Performing a Rolling Restart of a MySQL Cluster”). Rolling restarts are also used as part of the process of adding new data nodes online (see Section 18.5.13, “Adding MySQL Cluster Data Nodes Online”). For more information about data nodes, how they are organized in a MySQL Cluster, an
15、d how they handle and store MySQL Cluster data, see Section 18.1.2, “MySQL Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions”. Backing up and restoring MySQL Cluster databases can be done using the NDB-native functionality found in the MySQL Cluster management client and the ndb_restore program i
16、ncluded in the MySQL Cluster distribution. For more information, see Section 18.5.3, “Online Backup of MySQL Cluster”, and Section 18.4.19, “ndb_restore Restore a MySQL Cluster Backup”. You can also use the standard MySQL functionality provided for this purpose inmysqldump and the MySQL server. See Section 4.5.4, “mysqldump A Database Backup Program”, for more information. MySQL Cluster nodes can use a number of different transport mechanisms for inter-node communications, including T
