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1、Film: Scarlet LetterAssignment for Self-Reliance: Translate and memorize the paragraph “What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.”on P21.Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)I.Biographical IntroductionII.Early life and education: shameful conducts by his ancestors; solitary lifeII
2、I.Literary apprenticeship and major works:The Scarlet Letter (1850)The House of the Seven Gables (1851)The Blithedale Romance (1852)The Marble Faun (1860) IV. Other works: nTwice Told Tales (1837) -first collection of short storiesnMosses from an Old Manse (1846, 1854) nThe Snow-Image, and Other Twi
3、ce-Told Tales (1852) nThe Life of Franklin Pierce (1852) n“Chiefly About War Matters“ (1862) nOur Old Home: A Series of English Sketches (1863) nThe Whole History of Grandfathers Chair (1840) nA Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1852) nTanglewood Tales (1853) II. Writing Features: 1. Analyzing the inn
4、er life, the working of the human heart and will. 2. An art of symbols.(Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter ) 3. Rejecting Puritan inheritance , but inheriting consciousness of the problem of evil and the nature of sin. Believing in Original Sin and the doctrine of the Fall of Man. 4. Asking questions b
5、ut rarely answers them.III. Theory of fiction: Romantic in aiming at essential and ideal truth, the truth of the imagination and not of surface.- “the truth of the human heart”.nSymbolismnThe writing technique of using symbols. A symbol is something that conveys two kinds of meaning; it is simply it
6、self, and it stands for something other than itself. In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative. People, places, things and even events can be used symbolically. A symbol is a way of telling a story and a way of conveying meaning. nThe best symbols are those that are believable in the l
7、ives of the characters and also convincing as they convey a meaning beyond the literal level of the story. Hawthorne and Melville are the two masters of symbolism. The Scarlet LetternSynopsis: Hester Prynne Roger Chillingworth Arthur DimmesdalenSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter“A”: Adultery Able Angel
8、The Scarlet LetterQuestions:n 1) Why is the prison the setting of Chapter II?nThe prison is used as the setting of the story because the execution of Hester Prynne as an infamous culprit is expected to take place here and the sentence of a legal tribunal on her has but confirmed the verdict of publi
9、c sentiment. In addition, the setting also suggests the tragic fate of the protagonist.n2) Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people toward her.nHester Prynne is a young and tall woman with dark and abundant hair that is so glossy that it may throws off the sunshine wit
10、h a gleam. She has a beautiful face with the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes. With a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale, she is ladylike with such character as characterized by a certain state and dignity, rather than by the delicate, evanescent, and indescriba
11、ble grace. Besides, the attitudes of the people toward her are diverse, but mostly negative and unsympathetic largely from the conventional moral stand of the times. n3) What has happened to Hester? Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate? How does this tell us about her charac
12、ter?nAs a married woman, Hester falls in love with Dimmesdale, a reverend minister of the local community, and their love affair is discovered after she gives birth to a baby daughter. She makes the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate in the hope that the letter may embody her affirmative attitu
13、de toward the dilemma in her life, and that it may have the effect of a powerful spell to take her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclose her in a sphere by herself. This detail also mirrors her idea of love and moral value, which is explicitly different from the cowardice and hypoc
14、risy of Dimmesdale.Exercises: Choose the appropriate one to fill in each blank.nAssignments:1.Memorize “On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth,”(1st paragraph) on P30.2.Preview Herman Melville.Topics for Group 5n1. “A whale-ship was my Yale College and my Harvard.”n2. Typeen3. Ishmaeln4. “the gliding great demon of the seas of life”Reference:nhttp:/guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cam pbell/enl311/hawthor.htm(Containing links to Hawthornes websites)
