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1、1一、形容词和副词的基本用法A形容词：就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词主要作定语、表语、补语。如：1. This is a new pen. 这是支新钢笔。 (形容词 new 作名词 pen 定语)2. These oranges taste _. (全国卷) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. (全国卷)A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. open
2、ingB副词：就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。如：Its raining heavily. 雨下得很大。( 副词 heavily 修饰谓语动词)Its a rather interesting job. 这是一份相当有趣的工作。(副词 rather 修饰形容词interesting)She speaks English very well. 她的英语说得很好。(副词 very 修饰副词 well)This is just what he said. 这正是他所说的。( 副词 just 修饰 what he said)注：here
3、, there, in, out, away, abroad 等少数副词也可以作表语； here, there, home, abroad, below 等表示地点或方位的词及 today, tomorrow, yesterday, back, out 等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语。如：Tom isnt here. 汤姆不在这里。(here 作表语)The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人对我们很友好。(副词 there 作定语，修饰 people)二、定语形容词与表语形容词A表语形容词：有的形容词一般只作表语，如表示健康状况的 well,
4、unwell, ill, faint，表示情感反应的 glad, sorry, fond, worth, able，以 a 开头的 afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed 等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。B定语形容词：通常只作定语的形容词，如起强调作用的 only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), real(真正的 ), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的 )，由名词等转化而来的 wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的)
5、, drunken(醉的),medical, daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, little, many, 及 one-eyed 之类的复合形容词等。如：This is a medical school. (不说 This school is medical. ) 三、形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：A形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot
6、of useful skills. (全国卷)A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough braveB表语形容词作定语要后置。如：All the people _ at the party were his supporters. (北京卷)A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important2如：Is there anything important in the paper? 报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？四
7、、多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄( 新旧) 的形容词+ 表颜色的形容词+ 表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如：1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car. (辽宁卷)A. large German whiteB. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 2. _ students are required to
8、take part in the boat race. (浙江卷)A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese3. The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. (江苏卷)A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white littl
9、e注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词 all, both, half 等；倍数词 double, twice等；分数词 one-third, two-fifths 等) +中位限定词 (冠词；指示代词；形容词性物主代词；名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及 last, next 等；基数词及 few, several 等)。如：1. The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. (重庆卷)A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his a
10、ll income D. all his half income2. How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. (全国卷 )A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last五、副词在句中的位置规律 1) 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但 enough 却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如：1. M
11、um, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (全国卷)A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough2. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (全国卷)A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a
12、 holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough3. _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (上海卷)A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange2) 频度副词 always, usually, often, never 等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或 be 动词之后。如：She always gets up e
13、arly. 她总是起得早。(副词 always 放在行为动词 gets 之前)She is seldom late for school. 他很少上学迟到。( 副词 seldom 放在 be 动词之后)3六、ed 形容词和-ing 形容词的区别 -ed 形容词，通常说明人，意为“( 某人)感到”；-ing 形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物) 令人 ”或 “令人的(事物 )”。这样成对的形容词有： interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; ple
14、ased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointing 等。1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (重庆卷)A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry2. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest
15、 B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest注：即使-ed 形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing 形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如： He told me the news in an excited voice. 他告诉了那个消息，声音很激动。The man is interesting. 这个有很有趣。另外，glad, happy, sorry, angry, thankful, proud 等的主语也只能是人；而 pleasant, easy, difficult, important 等则通常以事物或 it 作主语，因为它们是说明事物的。如：Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mn, it does have a _ smell. (北京卷)A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasantB. 【考点诠释】考点 1 形谷词、副词的比较等级1形容词或副
