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1、Revision1. A raft is a small boat _.which/that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams2. Chuck Noland is a businessman _ _.who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends4. Noah Webster was an American writer _ _.who published the first American dictionary in 18283. A time machin
2、e is a machine _.that/which lets you travel in time5. The girl _ is my sister.whose skirt is white6. Tomorrow, I will show you the house _.Whose window is face to southThe girl who is raising her hand is my sister.He is the policeman who told me the way yesterday.I like the man who is thinking now.I
3、 lost the glasses that/which I bought in Beijing.This is a truck which is made in China.The piano is instrument that is loved by many people.Attributive Attributive clauseclause1. When talking about people, we use who, whom, whose, that; 2. When talking about things, we use which, that, whose.TipsAt
4、tributive Clause:定语从句指在从句中起定语作用，定语从句指在从句中起定语作用， 并修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子并修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子 。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先 行词。行词。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面， 所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句， 根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断 是否是定语从句。是否是定语从句。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用 ，是先行词不
5、可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意 思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之 间不能用逗号隔开。 非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对 先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完 整或清楚.从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句形式上 不用“，”与主句隔开 用 “，”与主句隔 开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句失去意义或意思表达不完整译法上关系词的使 用上只是对先行词的补充说明, 如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思. 译成先行词的定语“的” 通常译译成主句的并列句1.作宾语时常省略 1.作宾语时不可省略2.可用 that 2.不用that3.可用wh
6、o代替 whom 3.不用who代替whoma. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865.b. He lives in another town, which is only about an hours ride from here.c. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.d. They set up a separate state of t
7、heir own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用 thatthat，指人时用，指人时用who(who(主语主语),whom(),whom(宾语宾语) )，指物时，指物时 须用须用which.which.作宾语时不能省略。作宾语时不能省略。定语从句例句解析： (1) The girl who/that is standing there is Mary.(2) The man ( whom/who/that ) my mother saw
8、in the street is my teacher.(3) The book which/that tells us about the earth is interesting.( who, that指人，在从句中作主语）(whom, who, that指人，在从句中作宾语，也可省略)(which, that指物，在从句中作主语,不可省略)(4) The building (which/that) he referred to is beautiful.(5) She lives in a house whose windows face south.(6) The company wi
9、ll employ a person whose English is good. The book whose cover /the cover of which/ of which the cover is blue.(which, that指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）(whose指物，在从句中作windows的定语）(whose在从句中指人，作定语) Whose即可指人，也可指物，是所有格，在从句中作定语 ，指物时可与of which互换。定语从句三步：第一 找出先行词；第二看先 行词在定语从句中的语 法功能（做主语、宾语 或状语）；第三选择合 适的关系词。1.关系代词（关系代词（wh
10、o, whom, which, who, whom, which, thatthat，whosewhose）指人 指物在定语语从句中的作用Who主语语宾语宾语Whom宾语宾语Which主语语宾语宾语that主语语宾语宾语whose定语语关系代词和关系副词的作用：1 1、引导作用、引导作用2 2、替代作用、替代作用3 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 E.g.：1.Those who want to go please sign your names here.2.This is the house where he was born.3.Bill, who w
11、as here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下 列情况中一般只能用that,不可以用which:a. All that can be done has been done.b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. 当先行词为当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, all, much,
12、 little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothingsomething, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时等不定代词时. .NoteNotes sa. Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.b. Some students that were punished in the morning were asked by teacher.a. This is the first composition (that) he has written
13、in English.b. Its the best novel (that) I have ever read. 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, all, every, no, some, any, little, muchlittle, much修饰时修饰时. .先行词被先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。a. That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.b. This is the very book (that) I want to find.a. Who
14、 is the person that is standing at the gate?b. Which of us that knows something about physicsdoes not know this?c. What that is on the table belongs to me?先行词被先行词被one of , the right, one of , the right, the only, thethe only, thevery, the last very, the last 等修饰时等修饰时. . 当主句是当主句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时，定语从句用时，定语
15、从句用 thatthat引导。引导。He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be. 当先行词当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时，定语从句时，定语从句 要用要用thatthat引导。引导。 当当先行词先行词在在主主句中句中或关系代词在从句或关系代词在从句 作表语作表语时时. .2.只能用which不能用that的情况: 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时.a. Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.b. He ca
