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1、Chapter Four,General Introduction to Practical Writings and Their Translation,Contents,I. Review and homework checking II. General Introduction to practical writings III. The basic rules and strategies of practical writing translation IV. Translation practice V. Summary VI. Assignments,I. Review and
2、 homework checking,温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶， 其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民， 不同的是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180完温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性作用，其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的， 使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。,The glory of Vancouver is the result of
3、the intelligence and industry of the Vancouverers, including the contributions by a variety of other ethnic groups. Canada is a vast country with a sparse population. Its territory is larger than China, while its population is less than 30 ,000,000. It is its long pursued national policy to absorb i
4、mmigrants. (To attract immigrants is one of Canadian long-term policies.) It can be said that all Canadians, except the Indian aboriginals, are immigrants who are different from each other only in the length of time they have settled there.,I. Review and homework checking,Vancouver is one of the ver
5、y few multinational cities in the world. in the present 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half are not native(not born in this city, and one in every four is (a quarter are) of Asian origin. The 250,000 Chinese play a crucial role in Vancuvers economic transformation. Half of the Chinese have come
6、 to the city just in the past five years and made it the largest Chinese gathering center outside Asia.,I. Review and homework checking,Three Days to See Sometime I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the
7、values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, an
8、d be merry,” but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death. Most of us take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far as in the future. When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The d
9、ays stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.,有时候我想， 把每一天都当做生命的最后一天来过，也许是一种极好的生活准则。这种态度会使 生命的价值鲜明突出，使我们以优雅的风度、旺盛的精力和高度珍惜的心情度过每一天；而当我们觉得岁月延绵不断， 来日方长时，往往失掉这种态度。当然，有人会奉行享乐主义的信条，一味吃喝玩乐，4但更多的人却会因行将就木而变得严肃纯洁。,我们大多数人把生命视若等闲。虽然我们知道人必有
10、一死，但通常把这一天看作遥遥无期。我们身强力壮时，根本想不到死，很少去考虑它。时光日复一日，年复一年地过去，好像看不到尽头。于是我们碌碌于琐事，并不察觉自己对待生命的态度是冷漠倦怠的。,I. Review and homework checking,The same lethargy , I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses. Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that li
11、e in sight. Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without conc
12、entration, and with little appreciation. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until it would be a blessing. If each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would
13、 teach him the joys of sound.,I. Review and homework checking,我想我们在运用自己的全部心智和官能时，又何尝不是冷漠而卷怠的呢。只有聋子才珍惜听觉，只有盲人才领悟光明所赐给人们的难以计数的幸福。成年时失明失聪的人对此尤感深切。,我时常在想，倘若每个人在刚刚成年的某个时期尝一点苦头 ，瞎几天，聋几天，恐怕颇有裨益。黑暗会使人更加珍惜光明，寂静会告诉人们听到声音时的欢乐。,但视力和听力从未受到损伤的人却很少充分运用他们的天赋。他们视而不见，充耳不闻，对所见所闻漫不经心，毫无鉴赏珍惜之意。事情往往是这样，失却之物，方知珍惜；生了病才知道健康
14、之可贵。,Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had . “Nothing in particular,” she replied. I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed
15、to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.,我不时地试探明眼的朋友，想了解他们看见了些什么。不久前一 位好友来看我，她刚从林中散步回来，我问她看到了什么， 她说一切平淡无奇。若不是我早就听惯了这种回答，早就确信：明眼人熟视无睹，我定会大吃一惊的。,How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot
16、 see find hundreds of things to interest me through skin of a silver birch, or the rough shaggy bark of pine. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after winters sleep. I feel the delightful , velvety texture of flower, and discover
17、its remarkable convolutions; and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me. Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song. I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers. To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug. To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.,
