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1、第一套 Child Maltreatment is aglobal problem with serious life-long consequences .There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment .Data for many countries, especially low and middle income, countries , are lacking. 虐待儿童是一个全球性问题 ,它导致严重的终生的后果。全球对虐待儿童普 遍程度没有可靠的估计。很多国家,特别是低收
2、入和中等收入国家对数据也缺乏。 Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5%-10% of men report being sexually abused when they were childr
3、en, while 25%-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, manychildren are subject to emotional abuse【sometimes referred to as psychologicalabuse.】 虐待儿童是一个复杂和困难的研究课题。目前的估计差别很大取决于国家和方 法研究。尽管如此,国际研究显示, 大约 20%的女性和 5% -10%的男性被性虐待， 他们还是孩子的时候,而 25% - 50%的儿童自述受到身体虐待。此外,许多儿童正 遭受情感虐待【有时
4、被称为心理虐待。 】 Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as asignificant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls , burns and drowning. 每年，大约有 3100015 岁以下儿童凶杀死亡。这个数字
5、低估了真正的问题的 严重程度，很大比例的儿童虐待造成的死亡被错误地归咎于跌落 ,烧伤和溺水。 Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development . Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and imm
6、une systems. Consequently as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural ,physical and mental health problems .Via the behavioral and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections. 虐待儿童给儿童及家庭造成痛苦,并可
7、能产生长期的后果。虐待会导致精神 紧张,这与早期大脑发育受到损害有关。极端的压力会损害发展神经和免疫系统 。 因此作为成年人, 虐待儿童有更高的风险行为、生理和心理健康问题。通过行为 和心理健康后果,虐待会导致心脏疾病,癌症,自杀和性传播感染。 Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child, welfare And longer-term he
8、alth costs. 儿童虐待健康的后果，还有经济影响，包括住院治疗，心理健康治疗费用， 儿童，福利和健康的长期成本。 A number of risk factors for maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. 很多虐待的危险因素已经被确认。
9、这些风险因素还未出现在所有的社会和文化背景, 但提供一个概述,当试图了解虐待儿童问题产生的原因。 It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an ado
10、lescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features. 需要强调的是，孩子是受害者并没有责怪虐待。一些个人特征的儿童可 能会增加的被虐待可能性，如是四岁以下或青少年，是不必要的，或没有履行 父母的期望和有特殊需要，坚持哭声或有异常的外表特征。 1. According to the passage, the difficult situ
11、ation in the global estimates of The child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT_, 根据短文,在全球的情况下估计虐待儿童困难的，是由于下列因素，除了_ A. child maltreatment is global problem. 虐待儿童是一个全球性的问题。 B. there is no exact data about low-and mid-income countries 并没有确切 的数据对低收入和中等收入国家 C. there is a shortage of the p
12、rofessional data collectors 缺乏专业数据收集 D: different scientists use different research methods 不同的科学家使用不同的研究方法 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? 根据课文下列哪个陈述是真实的呢? A20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood. 20%的女性在童年 了受到性虐待。 B. 25%-50% of all children were
13、reported to have been physically abused 报道 25% - -50%的儿童是在身体受虐待 C .25%-50% of children were psychologicallllyy abused, 25% - -50%的儿童心理虐待, D60%-75% of children were neglected by their parents. 60% - -75%的儿童被他们的父母所忽视 3. According to the passage, many homicide deaths in children under 15 are . Wrongly
14、categorized into the following types EXCEPT _ 根据短文,许多 15 岁以下儿童被杀害是错误地分为以下类型，除了 _ A. Drowning in swimming 溺水 C. burns 烧伤 D .falls 跌落 B. diarrhea 腹泻 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused bychild？ 下列哪个没有提到当坏孩子带来的影响 A: The child will behave badly m his memory of childhood when
15、 he grows up. 当他长大，孩子的表现是他的童年记忆。 B. Child maltreatment hurts his nervous arid immune systems. 虐待儿童伤 害他的神经脆弱的免疫系统。 C. Child maltreatment damages his early brain development. 儿童虐待损害 他的早期大脑发育。 D. The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood. . 他成年后 孩子是容易患许多疾病5. According to the passag
16、e, the maltreated children often bear all the following Characteristics EXCEPT_ 根据短文, 所有以下特征儿童经常承受虐待，除了_ A. they frequently and easily cry 他们经常和容易哭泣 B. they are infants or in adolescent period , 他们是婴儿的或在青少年时期, C. they are often neglected by their parents or friends 他们往往会被他们的父母 或者朋友忽视, D. they often try their best to meet the requirements of their parents 他们经常尽 他们最大的努力来满足要求他们的父母 第二篇 Most elderly people with so-called Type II diabetes could stop taking
