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1、英语语法（动词不定式）定义：动词不定式是一种非限制动词形式，即非谓语动词。非限定动词是指不能单独在句中充当谓语的动词形式。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式，-ing 分词和-ed 分词。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago To see is to believe.2.To finish that task in such a
2、short time is really a challenge在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由 it 作形式主语，而将不定式放到后面。如：1.It made him happy to get 100yuan by his own effort.2. Its+adj. for sb to do.和 Its adj. of sb to do.1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等：例如：Its very h ard for him to
3、 study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite ，kind， naughty，nice，silly ，stupid 。例如：Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用 for 还是用 of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词 for 或 of 后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语 ，造个句子。如果通顺用 of，不通则用 f
4、or。例如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用 of） 。He is hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用 for。 ）2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带 to 的不定式， 另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带 to的不定式。及物动词+带 to 的不定式结构 :只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe，claim，decide, demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn，
5、 long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish 等。1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.动词+疑问代( 副)词+不定式：这类动词常见的有 advise， decide， find out， forget， i
6、nquire， know， learn， see， regard 总结， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder 等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what， when， where， which， how， whether 等。1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有时，不定式可由 it 代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词 (如 fin
7、d， think，consider，feel 等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.3)不定式做表语不定式可放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。例如:1.To see is to believe.另一种情况为主语是以 aim，duty ，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish 等名词为中心的短语，或以 what
8、引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4)不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如：1.There was really nothing to fear 2.He g
9、ave me an interesting book to read如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with2.That girl has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如：1.Have
10、you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、能力、意向等意义的名词：ability， attempt， effort， impulse， inclination，wish 等。例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.I have no wish to quarrel with you3.Neither of them had
11、 any inclination to do business with Mary.5)不定式作状语1）目的状语常用结构为 to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to d o,so（such） as to（如此以便） 。例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。I awoke to find
12、my truck gone. 我醒来发现 箱子不见了。He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。3）表原因Im glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。4）表示理由和条件He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully. 不带 to 的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带 to，但在有些搭配中不带 to，在另一些搭配中可带 to 可不带 to。归纳起来，以下情况下
13、使用不带 to 不定式：1) 在 cancould， maymight，willwould，shall should，must， need，dare 等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带 to。2)在感官动词，如 see，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe 等后，或使役动词，如have，let ，make 等后，动词不定式不带 to。例如：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard2.I must have him see his own mistakes但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带 to 不
14、定式一般转换为带 to 不定式。例如：1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard3)在动词 help 之后可用不带 to 的不定式，也可用带 to 的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在 had better，would rather，maymight as well 最好还是，不妨，rather than，can not but 不得不，等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带 to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I w
15、ould rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5)在介词 but，except 之后，如果其前有动词 do 的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带 to，反之则必须带 to，表示“不得不，只能 ”。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3.The spy was both hungry and cold
16、；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带 to：can not help but，can not choose but ，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有 do，to 省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带 to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7)紧跟在 why 或 why not 之后的动词不定式总是不带 to。但是，紧跟在 who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带
