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1、 摘 要 近些年来，我国恐怖主义犯罪在逐渐增多，影响了我国的经济建设和社会发展，给人民的生命财产安全造成了极大的威胁，打击恐怖主义犯罪已经刻不容缓。有鉴于此，97 刑法将恐怖主义相关行为进行了犯罪化，设定了组织、领导、参加恐怖组织罪等恐怖主义罪名。 伴随着形势的发展，学界对恐怖主义犯罪的研究也掀起一个高潮，恐怖主义犯罪概念的研究是其中的重点之一。笔者认为，所谓恐怖主义犯罪，是指个人或有关组织以制造社会恐怖气氛为目的，通过组织、策划、领导、资助等方式，以暴力或非暴力的形式实施的，严重危害社会利益，依据刑法规定应当承担刑事责任的行为。 刑事政策是一个既古老又年轻的话题，历经百年之争论而不衰。笔者认
2、为，所谓刑事政策，是指国家基于预防犯罪、控制犯罪以保障自由、维持秩序、实现正义的目的而制定、实施的准则、策略、方针、计划以及具体措施的总称。刑事政策对刑事立法、司法、执法都具有积极的指导作用。 囿于学术的视野的樊篱，我国刑法学界对恐怖主义最为关注，对恐怖主义犯罪的研究也取得了很大的成果。 学者们纷纷提出了自己关于打击恐怖主义的设想，诸如对恐怖主义行为进行犯罪化、增设新的罪名、对恐怖主义进行立法定义、制定单行的反恐怖法等，然而，对恐怖主义犯罪刑事政策的研究还不是很多。 在相当长的一段时间内，我国恐怖主义犯罪并不严重。20 世纪 70 年代末 80年代初，我国实施了改革开放，与国际交往随之增多，恐
3、怖主义犯罪有所抬头。笔者认为，我国惩治恐怖主义犯罪的刑事政策经历了萌芽期和雏形期和形成期三个阶段，当前我国惩治恐怖主义犯罪的刑事政策的主要内容有以下几个方面，恐怖主义行为犯罪化的刑事政策、与一般刑事犯罪同一对待的刑事政策、着重打击恐怖主义外围犯罪的刑事政策、打击单位实施恐怖主义犯罪的刑事政策、偏重于人身刑的刑事政策、对恐怖主义分子区分对待的刑事政策、与一般刑事犯罪相同处遇的刑事政策、积极参与国际反恐怖主义合作的刑事政策八部分。这些刑事政策，对打击恐怖主义犯罪起到了积极的效果，然而，还不是很完善，在恐怖主义犯罪日益临近的今天，这些政策应对恐怖主义犯罪显得还有所欠缺。鉴于此，笔者认为可以从以下几方
4、面充实并完善我国惩治恐怖主义犯罪的刑事政策，一是继续严密刑事法网，二是实施重行刑事政策，三是建立针对恐怖主义犯罪的特别侦查、证据制度，四是建立职能化、专业化和效能化的反恐怖专门机构，五是实施积极预防恐怖主义犯罪的刑事政策，六是继续加强国际合作打击恐怖主义犯罪。 关键词：恐怖主义；恐怖主义犯罪；刑事政策 Abstract In recent years, terrorism crime increases gradually in our country，which has affected our countrys economic development and the social dev
5、elopment greatly, has posed the enormous threat on peoples life and property, it is no delay to attack terrorism crime. Take this into consideration, 97 criminal law have carried on the terrorism correlation behavior the crime, has established the organization, the leadership, the participation terr
6、orist organization crime and so on. Follows the situation development, the theoties world is also raising a high tide on the terrorism crime research , the terrorism crimes concept research is one of key. The author believed that, the so-called terrorism crime, is refers to individual or the related
7、 organization who wnt to makes the social atmosphere of menace as a goal, through organization, plan, leadership, subsidization and so on, by the violence or the nonviolent, which severely impair society benefit, the behavior which must undertake the criminal responsibility according to the criminal
8、 law. The criminal policy is the one both ancient and the young topic, has been debated more than one hundred years though argument still not fade.The author believed that, the so-called criminal policy, is refers to the country who want to achieve the goal of prevent crime, control crime to safegua
9、rds the freedom, maintain society order, realize just formulates, through the implementation of criterion, the strategy, the policy, the plan as well as the specific measures. The criminal policy to the criminal legislation, the judicature, the law enforcement all has the positive instruction functi
10、on. Constrained by the academic field of vision fence, our country criminal law educational world pays more attention to the terrorism, has yielded a big result on the terrorism crime research. The scholars proposeda plenty of tentative plan which attack terrorism, such as carry on the crime to the
11、terrorism behavior, additionally builds the new charge, carries on the legislation definition, the formulation single line to the terrorism Counter-Terror law and so on, however, to the terrorism crime， criminal policy research is not more. In long period , our countrys terrorism crime is not seriou
12、s. At the end of 70s and the beginning of 1980s, our country implements the reform and open policy, with the increasingly cantact with world, the terrorism crime has increase rapidly. The author believed that, our countrys counter-terrorism criminal policy can be divided into three stage, the seed t
13、ime,the embryonic form time and the formative year time. In recently time ,our country s counter-terrorism criminal policy primary have following several aspects, the terrorism behavior crime criminal policy, with the general criminal offense identical treatment criminal policy, attacks the terroris
14、m periphery crime emphatically the criminal policy, the attack unit implements the terrorism crime the criminal policy, stresses in the person punishment criminal policy, to the terrorist discrimination treatment criminal policy, same place meets the criminal policy with the general criminal offense
15、, participates in the international counter-terrorist cooperation positively the criminal policy eight parts These counter-terrorism criminal policy, which has get the great positive effect since these cininal policy has implented, however, these counter-terrorism criminal policy are not very perfec
16、t, in the time that terrorism crime approaches day by day, these cininal policy appear lacks a lot on attack terrorism crime. In view of this, the author thought we should enrich and consummates our countrys counter-terrorism criminal policy following several aspects , one is the continuation strict criminal activity law net, two implements the afresh criminal activity policy, three establishes the terrorism crime special detection, the evidence system, four is establish
