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1、1专题限时检测专题限时检测( (二十三二十三) ) 阅读理解词义猜测类之代词指代题阅读理解词义猜测类之代词指代题(加的为代词指代题，本卷限时 23 分钟)A(2017南京市、盐城市高三模拟考试)A little social support from your best buds goes a long way, whether youre a human or a chimpanzee (黑猩猩). A new study that followed a chimpanzee community in the forests of Uganda has found that quality
2、time with close companions significantly decreased stress hormone levels in the primates whether they were resting, grooming or facing off against rival groups.The findings, described this week in the journal Nature Communications, shed light on the physiological effects of close companionship on ch
3、impanzees and could have implications for human health too.Researchers have long known that stress can worsen health and raise the risk of early death in humans as well as other social mammals. “It can have effects on immune function, cardio function, fertility, cognition, and even your mood， ” said
4、 study coauthor Kevin Langergraber, a primatologist at Arizona State University.Maintaining close social bonds can help these animals (humans included) reduce some of that stress, potentially minimizing some health risks. But scientists have yet to pin down the exact physiological mechanisms at work
5、.“Social bonds make you survive and produce better but how do they do that？” Langergraber said.To find out, the international team of researchers studied members of the Sonso chimpanzee community in Ugandas Budongo Forest, a group consisting of 15 males, 35 females and 28 juveniles and infants durin
6、g the study period from February 2008 to July 2010.Like humans, chimpanzees tend to have besties bond partners with whom they appear to feel close. The researchers wanted to see whether interactions with these bond partners led to lower stress levels during particularly stressful situations, such as
7、 when fighting rival groups, or whether time spent with friends helped lower stress levels more generally, throughout the day.The scientists observed the chimpanzees perform three types of activities: 2resting, grooming or quarrelling with other groups of chimpanzees. The researchers kept track of w
8、hether the chimpanzees were doing any of these three things with their bond partners or with other chimpanzees in their group.A team of up to six observers watched the chimpanzees and followed them around to collect urine (尿液) samples. The samples, collected from nine adult male and eight adult fema
9、le chimpanzees, were tested to see how much of the stress hormone cortisol they contained.The scientists found that chimpanzees levels of urinary cortisol were 23% lower, on average, during the activities when they were with their bond partner. This was especially true for stressful activities, such
10、 as the intergroup rivalries, where any chimpanzee on the front line might face physical harm or even death.The findings in chimpanzees, some of our closest living relatives, could shed light on the role such close social relationships play in human health too, he said. Such friendships may be just
11、as important during good times as bad though more research needs to be done before any conclusions can be drawn.“This has interest for a lot of people in a medical context as well， ” Langergraber said.语篇解读：本文是说明文。一项研究探究了友谊对人乃至黑猩猩的重要性。1The scientists carried out research into a chimpanzee community i
12、n Uganda _.Ato seek evidence of benefits of social bonds from physiological anglesBto uncover whether social bonds make humans surviveCto study how chimpanzees perform three types of activitiesDto train chimpanzees to maintain close social bonds with each other解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第五至七段内容可推断，科学家们对黑猩猩群落进行研
13、究是为了从生理角度寻求能证明社会关系的益处的证据。故选 A 项。2.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 10 refer to?AObservers. BChimpanzees.CUrine samples. DBond partners.解析：选 C 代词指代题。根据第十段内容可知，这些尿液被观察员用来检验以了解尿液中含有多少压力荷尔蒙皮质醇。故此处 they 指的是尿液样本。故选 C 项。3The chimpanzees levels of urinary cortisol decrease most when _.Athey
14、 are with other chimpanzees in their group3Bthey face the intergroup rivalries with friendsCthey perform three different types of activitiesDthey spend time with friends throughout the day解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据第十一段内容可推断，当黑猩猩和朋友一起面对群体间的较量时，它们的尿液皮质醇水平下降最多。故选 B 项。4Whats the authors purpose in writing the pass
15、age?ATo point out stress is harmful to all social mammals.BTo illustrate how chimpanzees control their stress level.CTo urge scientists to do more research into chimpanzees.DTo inform us friendships benefit both chimpanzees and humans.解析：选 D 作者意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项探究友谊对人乃至黑猩猩的重要性的研究的结果。故作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉
16、我们友谊对黑猩猩和人都有利。故选 D 项。B(2017江苏省高考名校联考)54yearold Michael has got accustomed to picking up things at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in Massachusetts. He has been working as a custodian (管理员) there for the last eight years, cleaning the floors, vacuuming the carpets, wiping the blackboards and picking up the trash. But last month, Michael picked up something he really wants to obtain all his life
