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1、智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福阅读单词题之解法一 逻辑比较单词题是托福阅读考试中占比较高的一类题目，平均每篇文章有3- 5个题目，保证单词题的正确率才能保住托福阅读的高分数。今天小编 愿意和大家一起分享一下单词题的解题思路，我们先从常考逻辑关系中 的比较关系开始，看看掌握这些逻辑关系，对我们实际做题有什么帮助 。我们先稍微看一下在托福阅读当中常见的能够表示比较关系的词语包 括哪些，它们是：more than， less than， similar，as much as, likewise等。下面我们以一道例题来说明。来看TPO3中的一道例题 Paragraph 5: Even the
2、kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number o
3、f individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stabilityjust the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likel
4、y than a simple system to break down. (A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a childs tricycle.) The word “guarantee” in the passage is closest in meaning to Increase Ensure Favor Complicate 考查的单词是“guarantee“，如果大家不认识这个单词，我们就看 一下它出现的语境，考查单词出现的句子中出现了一个很明显的表示比 较关系的逻辑词likewise
5、“同样地”，这表明本句出现的动作应该在前 文当中有体现，我们看前文，前文说：“diversity, by itself, does notensure stability. ”“多样性不能够确保稳定性”紧接着就是考查单词 的句子“同样的，生态系统的数学模型也表示多样性不能怎样稳定性” ，从前文的动词来看，应该是“同样的，生态系统的数学模型也表示多 样性不能确保稳定性“，所以“guarantee”应该是确保的意思，本题选 B。 原：托福阅读单词题之解法一 逻辑转折-主页编辑小薇Vivian 上篇文章中我们学到根据逻辑关系中最常见的因果关系解答单词题 ，在这期的文章中，小薇继续和大家探讨运用逻辑关
6、系中的转折关系怎 样帮助大家解题。我们还是先来复习一下常见的表示转折关系的逻辑关 联词，包括：although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite，whereas等。 现在，我们来看TPO真题当中的一道例题：Paragraph 3: At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latit
7、udes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover. As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in th
8、e valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there. In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils. The wo
9、rd “attain” in the passage is closest in meaning to require resist achieve endure 考查的单词是 “attain”，如果这个单词你不认识，不要着急，我 们看看这个词出现的语境“ which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.”文章说中高纬度的树在山脊上怎样高度，而热 带地区的树在山谷中长得高。通过 whereas一词
10、我们能够知道两个分句 之间的关系是转折，转折的内容是不同地区的树成长的高的地点不一致，地点的对比一个是中高纬度，一个是热带地区，对比的相同点是树木 长得高，由此可知“attain greater heights=reach their greater heights”，“attain=reach”得出答案是C achieve。以上就是转折逻 辑帮助大家解答单词题的例子，大家要好好琢磨一下，争取尽快吸收哈 。 原：托福阅读单词题之解法一 逻辑因果 在上期的文章中，我们分析ETS在托福阅读单词题中常设的出题陷 阱，本篇文章将向大家介绍处理单词题的有利武器根据逻辑辨别词 义。我们知道托福阅读常考的逻
11、辑包含：因果，转折，比较，递进等。 今天我们就从最常见的因果关系开始，看看因果逻辑在解答单词题中对 我们有什么帮助。 在正式的讲题之前，我们先来复习一下常见的表示因果关系的逻辑 关联词都有什么呢？对了，包括： because,thus, for, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently，as a result等。现在我们来看TPO真题当中的一道例题：Paragraph 1: In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on s
12、peculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summa
13、rized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces,
14、and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals. The word “attributes” in the passage is c
15、losest in meaning toAscribes Leaves Limits Contrasts 我们看到考查的单词是“attribute“这是什么意思呢？当大家遇到不 认识的单词的时候不要慌，回到原文当中去看看，原文的语境线索能给 我们提供什么帮助。原文说：Having little understanding of natural causes,对于自然原因了解甚少，it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, 它对于 想要发生和不想发生的事情和超自然的力量做了什么呢？分析原文语境 ，发现里面有一个单词causes（原因），因为“对于自然原因了解甚少“ 所以，按照行文方向应该继续讲探索原因方面的内容。我们来看选项 A 是“归因于”B“留给”C“限制”D“对比”。首先我们能够排除的是 CD，然后我们来看A和B选项，对比之后，发现A选项切合原文，因为“ 对于自然原因了解甚少“所以就把想要发生和不想发生的事情归因于超 自然的力量，这样，即使在同学们不认识单词的情况下，也可以通过原 文的线索锁定正确单词，而不是简单的放弃。当然啦，我们一直提倡对 于解决单词题还是主要靠背诵托福核心单词解决，对于单词题的解题方 法只是起到辅助作用。
