《大工12春《大学英语4》辅导资料四》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大工12春《大学英语4》辅导资料四（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、大大连连理工大学网理工大学网络络教育学院教育学院第 1 页 共 6 页大学英大学英语语 4 辅导资辅导资料四料四主主 题题：对 Unit 3 语法点虚拟语气的讲解（4）学学习时间习时间：2012 年 4 月 23 日4 月 29 日内内 容容：6. 虚拟语气省略条件从句或主句表示虚拟语气的条件句的主句或从句有时可以省略，而省略部分的含义仍有所体现。1）省略条件从句，如： It would be very nice.You could have done it yourself. (省略 If you had wanted to. 上下文可以看出 You didnt want to.) (Fac
2、t: You didnt do the work yourself because you didnt want to.)I wouldnt smoke. (省略 If I were you.) (表面上说我，实际上说你。这是一种委婉的表达法。（Fact: You smoke very often. I advise you not to smoke any more.）2）省略主句：在强调条件从句时，常省略主句，这种句子常表示一种“已不能实现”的愿望，主要用于 If only 引导的感叹句中。如：If only I had taken his advice! 要是我听了他的建议就好了！If
3、only I were a bird. 我如果是一只鸟就好了！虚虚拟语拟语气的其他句型和用法气的其他句型和用法1. 用在“wish+宾语从句”中，表示很难实现或不能实现的愿望，可以翻译为“但愿”, “悔不该”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；大大连连理工大学网理工大学网络络教育学院教育学院第 2 页 共 6 页表示将来的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“would (could)+动词原形”；对过去的事情表示愿望，从句的谓语动词用 “had+过去分词”或“could + have + 过去分词”。wish 后面的宾语从句必须用虚拟语气，不管这个愿望是否能实现。如：I wish I we
4、re Jane. 我要是 Jane 就好了。He really wishes that he were living in the Middle Ages. 他真希望自己生活在中世纪。I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round. 但愿北京整年是秋天。We wish you would spend the winter vacation with us. 要是你能同我们一起过寒假就好了。I wish I had not bought this car. 我要是没有买这辆车就好了。注意：wish 与 hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hop
5、e 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。请比较：We hope we will succeed. (We dont know if we will succeed.) We wish we would succeed. (We know we can hardly succeed.)2. 用在 as if/as though 或 even if/even though 引导的从句中：如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去，则谓语动词用 had过去分词形式；如果指现在的状况，则用过去式(be 用 were)；指将来则用 would(sh
6、ould, could)+动词原形。这里只看从句动作发生的时间，与主句的时态没有关系。如：She looks as if/though she were ill. 看她的样子，好像生病了。He walks as if he were a king. 他走起路来就好像他是国王。He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。大大连连理工大学网理工大学网络络教育学院教育学院第 3 页 共 6 页He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse. 即使天塌下来，他也不会辞职。3. 在 It is
7、(high) time (that)句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式(be 的过去式用 were), 或用 should+动词原形(should 不能省略)来表示。这句话的意思是“（现在）该”。如：It is time we left/should leave. It is high time that you got married. It is time that I bought a car. 4. 在 I would rather (that)句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词用过去式(be 的过去式用 were)。这句话的意思是“我宁可”，表示说话人的意愿。如：Id rather I
8、 were in the rain now. Id rather you did not tell him.5. 用在 suppose 开头的祈使句中，从句的谓语动词变化与 as if 后面的动词变化规律相同，用过去式、过去完成式、或过去将来式。意思是“假如”，但 suppose 是动词，不是连词。如：Suppose the boss walked in. What should I do? Suppose Saddam had not been captured. What would the U.S. do? Suppose Chen Shui-bian should declare Ta
9、iwan independent. What would China do?6. 用在 for fear that 或 lest 引导的从句中，表示“怕”“万一”等意思。从句的谓语动词用 should动词原形，should 可以省略。如：She closed the windows for fear that she (should) catch cold. The officer forbade the use of artillery lest the citys industry be damaged. Lest the wall should collapse, they evacua
10、ted from the building.7. 在表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词，如 arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest 后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用大大连连理工大学网理工大学网络络教育学院教育学院第 4 页 共 6 页should + 动词原形，should 可以省略，而引导宾语从句的 that 不能省略。例如：We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that they (shoul
11、d) go with us. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.翻译小练习：1. The general manager insisted that the project be carried out as planned. 2. The governor requested that he be given another chance. 3. The United States demanded that Iran should unconditionally give up its nucle
12、ar weapon program. 4. Doctors suggest that people should not stay up late even on holidays.答案：1. 总经理坚持该项目必须按计划执行。2. 省长请求再给他一次机会。3. 美国要求伊朗必须无条件放弃其核武器计划。4. 医生建议，即使在节假日人们也不应该熬夜。8. 使用上述表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词派生的名词，或在这些动词用作名词时，名词之后的从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用 should动词原形，should 可以省略。从句的引导词 that 不能省略。如：He made a request th
13、at he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off. = He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off. Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized. = We suggest that education not be industrialized. The presidents decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time. = Th
14、e president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time.9. 上述动词在 It is suggested that ., It is required that ., Its requested that ., Its ordered that ., Its arranged that .句型中，that 之后的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动大大连连理工大学网理工大学网络络教育学院教育学院第 5 页 共 6 页词用 should+动词原形, should 可以省略，但引导词 that 不能省略。
15、如：It was suggested that he attend the conference. It was requested that the trial be openly reported.10. 在 Its important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that .句型中，that 引导的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用 should 动词原形，should 可以省略。这个句型表示说话人的意见、要求等。如：It is essential that there shou
16、ld be enough food and clothing for the winter. It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July. It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting.另外，在一些习惯用语中也有虚拟语气的形式。但最好把这些习惯用语作为一种句型来记住。如：May you be happy! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China! Everybody leave the room! You had better not resign. I would rather not tell you.统统考例考例题讲题讲解解（重点掌握）（重点掌握）1.
