《[英语]初中英语句子结构最新整理版》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《[英语]初中英语句子结构最新整理版（39页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Grammarsentences句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成： 主语部分（ subject group） 谓语部分（ predicate group） 句子成份： 主语 谓语 宾语 表语补语定语 状语Members of sentence: S - subjectP - predicative O - objectAttri.-attributeAdv.- adverbOc - object complement主语宾语表语补语定语状语主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象,一般常置于句首。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went
2、out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. （名词）（代词）（数词） （不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter.
3、Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（名词词） （代词词）（数词词）（动动名词词） （不定式） （句子）(名词词化的形容词词）（It形式主语语，主语语从句是真正主语语）谓语说明主语的动作、状态，常置于主语后 简单谓语简单谓语 :由动词动词 或动词词组动词词组 组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the
4、hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语谓语 :由情态动词态动词 或助动词动词 +动词动词 构 成; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing My father is watching TVShow your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They decided to leave no
5、w. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? （名词词 ）( 代词词）(数词词)(名词词化的形容词词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者，常置于及物动词或介词后（不定式）（动名词） （句子） 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books. 间接 宾语 直接 宾语please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表语表述主语的特征、身份、状态等，置于系动词后1. My fath
6、er is a boss.2. This book is mine.3. Time is precious.4. Ill be twenty next year.5. The war was over.6. I dont feel at ease. (形容词)(代词)(名词)(数词)(副词)(介词短语)7. They seem to know the truth.8. His main hobby is smoking .9. This story is very interesting .10. Never touch an electric wire when it is broken .
7、 11. Is that why you were angry? (不定式)(现在分词/形容词)(动名词/名词 )(过去分词/形容词)(从句)注：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词 ， 1)表感官的动词:2) 表转变变化的动词: 3)表延续的动词feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等 remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。（五）定语 修饰或说明名词（代词）品质与特征的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. His fathe
8、r works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know his sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. She has a wish to travel round the world I want to but a pair of shoes. He was an old man who wore thick glasses. (形容词) (名词
9、) (数词) (代词) (动名词) (现在分词)(过去分词) (不定式) (介词短语)(从句)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个短语、句子或不定式表示时或修饰的是不 定代词时，通常后置。 The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? Could you tell me something interesting?（六）状
10、语状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句的句子成分。 The girl improves greatly . I am very exciting. He can run very fast. Unfortunately, I failed the exam.(修饰动词)(修饰副词) (修饰全句)*作状语的主要是副词、不定式、分词、介词短语及从句(修饰形容词) They are playing on the playground. To kill bugs, we should spray the area regularly. He sat in the armchair , reading t
11、he newspaper.Beaten and sent to jail by the police, he insisted on his principle. He was late because he got up late.(介词短语)(不定式)(现在分词)(过去分词)(从句)状语功用：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程 度、方式和伴随状况等。 Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow. He often went to school by bus. There are plenty of fish in the sea. Pleas
12、e call me if it is necessary. He went to school in spite of his illness. In order to get into a good schoolm, I must study hard. She spoke so softly that I couldnt hear what she said. Its very cold. I cant get to sleep because of the noise outside. Dont look at me like that. The dog entered the room
13、, following his master .(时间状语) (方式状语) (地点状语)(条件状语)(目的状语)(结果状语)(让步状语)(程度状语) (原因状语) (方式状语) (伴随状语)用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之 后，强调时放在句首； 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首 ， 一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词 状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。状语位置： They named the child Jimmy I foun
14、d the book interesting. I saw him playing basketball just now? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. I found everything in good condition.（六）宾语补宾语补 足语语 有些及物动词动词 除了有一个直接宾语宾语 以外，还还要有一个宾语补宾语补 足 语语，说说明宾语宾语 的身份和状态态以补补充其意义义不足，使句子的意义义 完整。这类这类 常用的及物动词动词 有 ：make, consider, cause, se
15、e, find, call, get, have, let , ask等 . (形容词)(名词)(现在分词)(不定式)(过去分词)(介词短语)（七）同位语 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或 说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。常位于名词或代 词之后，说明它们的性质和情况 。We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.名词代词数词从句按用途分类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句1）陈述句： 用以陈述事实或观点的句子。e.g. People have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.人有五种感觉：视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。There is a baseball in front of the toy car.在那辆玩具车前面有一个棒球。Here comes my father. 我爸爸来了.She usually dont
