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1、3 3 数量、倍数的表示数量、倍数的表示Fundamentals and New Concepts for ElectronicsTelecommunicationsTong WangCollege of Information and Communication Harbin Engineering UniversityHow to translate these sentences? Wire A is twice as long as wire B. Light waves are 2,000 to 10,000 times longer than X-ray waves. The pr
2、oduction of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 数字的表示 约定俗成的规则 : 句首不用阿拉伯数字，一般用英语的单 词，句末要尽量避免用阿拉伯数字； 遇到分数，可用带连字符号的单词表示 。不确定数字的表示 大约、左右，about、some、 approximately、of the order of、more or less、or so 多于 over、above，more than、in excess of 少于，less than、under、belo
3、w、close to 以复数形式表示，如tens、dozens、 scores、hundreds、thousands of、 thousands upon thousands of 等。 lThe gain of the voltage follower with the feedback loop closed is unity.lThe result indicated that actual error probabilities were of the order of 1 percent.l The microwave communication channel has a very
4、 large bandwidth and will accommodate thousands of telephone conversations or dozens of television channels at once.某些表示数量的词或词组 修饰可数名词修饰不可数名 词修饰可数名 词或部可数 名词 few（几乎没有）littlesome（一些） a lot of plenty ofnot many（不多）not mucha few（少数几个）a littlea great many（很多 ）a great deal if f(t) is even and we multiply
5、it by the odd function. Evaluation of any one term involves multiplying each signal sample value by a factor of the term cosT. A is n times as +形容词/副词+as B A is n times +比较级+than B A is n times +the 名词 of B 翻译为：A是B的n倍，即比B大（长、多）n -1倍 Wire A is twice as long as wire B. Light waves are 2,000 to 10,000
6、times longer than X-ray waves. This high voltage DC converter is 9 times the weigh of that.l once表示一倍，l twice或double表示两倍，l thrice、treble表示三倍。 l Quadruple表示四倍。l n times/n-foldl 例如： The efficiency of the machines has been more t han trebled or quadrupledl 这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 倍数的增加（2） increase to n time
7、s increase n times /n-fold increase by n times increase by a factor of n 翻译为：增加到n倍，即增加n-1倍increase也常用其他表示有增加意义的词 代替，如raise、grow、go、step up、 multiply等。 The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. The sensibility of this type of radio was increas
8、ed by twice. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. Since the voltage is raised one hundred-fold, the current drops by the same proportion to one- hundredth.倍数的增加（3） “a +n times(n-fold)+有增加意义的名 词” 译为“增加了n-1倍” There is a two times increase of our institutes students as compared wit
9、h last year. 倍数的增加（4）特殊用法！ A is as much (large, long ) again as B. A比B多（大，长）1倍。 （即两倍） The peak power is again as great as the carrier power. A比B多（大，长）1半。（即一倍半） A is half as much (large, long ) again as B 与汉语不同的是：英语在表述或比较倍数时，无论使用什么句型（除了不含倍数词的again句型之外）都包括基础倍数在内，因此都不是净增或净减n倍，而是净增或净减n-1倍。倍数的减少 “系动词+n t
10、imes +比较级+than” “a n times less than”结构 “A is n times as small (light, slow) as B” R1 is 3 times less than R2. The emitter series resistance is a four times less than the collector one. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.倍数的减少 译为：减少到1/n或：减少(n-1)/n。 有减少意义的动词 +n times n t
11、imes as much asby n timesby a factor of n 不定冠词+有减少意义的名词+by a factor of n “ a n times (n-fold) reduction” 例句 The length of laser tube was reduced ten times. The principal advantage of the new type mobile is a four-fold reduction in power dissipation. The bandwidth was reduced by two times. The equipm
12、ent reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. 百分数增减的表示法与译法 （1）表示增减意义的动词 例 The output value has increased 35%. （2）表示增减意义的动词by 例 The prime cost decreased by 60%. （3）表示减少意义的动词to+% (表示减少 后剩余的数量) 例 By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%. 百分数增减的表示法与译法（4） 比较级 than (表示净增减 的数量) 例 Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.（5）a + % + increase (表示净增数) 例 There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.补充几个数量的表达方法 A hundred and one = a lot of A long hundred A long hour A score A decade At nine hundred hours Twenty odd = twenty and odd
