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1、汉译英的基本技巧汉译英的基本技巧一、翻译的基本方法：一、翻译的基本方法： 直译直译 意译意译直译：保持原文内容、又保持原文形式，基本保留原有句子结构，不是死译。 意译：只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式，更多考虑英语的特点。 如： 我们的朋友遍天下。 Our friends are all over the world. (直译直译) We have friends all over the world.（意译）（意译） 直译与意译相互关联，互为补充，两种译法可以并用二、二、 汉译英的基本技巧汉译英的基本技巧1. 增词增词 为了充分传达原文含义，必须增补词语，以求达意. 北京是中国的政治、文化中心
2、。这里你可以游览万里长城、故宫、颐和园等。 Beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace etc. exercise 1. 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 I dont think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English. 2. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go for
3、ward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.2. 减词减词 汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞手段有两种作用。一是为了强调， 重复表达一个意思，或增添修饰语，加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭配，或平衡节奏，增 加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或句式，到了英语里要么不合逻辑，要么累 赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。 这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱 这个春天吧！ Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one o
4、f the revolution, of the people, and of science. exercise 见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。 The sight of his native place called back his childhood. 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。 He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.长嗟短叹 sighing deeply发号施令 issue orders土崩瓦解 fall apart两面三刀 two-faced tactics3. 词类
5、转换词类转换 词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类。 exercise 他的演讲给我们的印象很深。 His speech impressed us deeply.(名词变动词) 你说他傻不傻？Dont you think he is an idiot? (形容词变名词)4. 语态转换语态转换 在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远 远高于汉语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译，会使译文显得十分别扭。 门锁好了。 The door has been locked up. 新教材在印刷中。 New textboo
6、ks are being printed. 这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤 。 The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.5. 分译分译 to remind sb of sth 使恢复；更新；使清新；消除的疲劳 renew：to begin again after a pause;to make sth valid for a longer time;to change sth that is old or damaged 重新开始；延长期限；更新 refurbish: to clean and decorate a room,
7、building,etc. in order to make it more attracted. 刷新，翻修。 renovate:vt. to repair; restore to a previous or better condition 革新；更新；修复；刷新 在夏天洗个冷水淋浴就会使我们感到凉爽。 A cold shower always refreshes us in summer. 我给你再斟一杯吧。 Let me refresh your glass. 让我唤醒你的记忆。 Let me refresh your memory. 她将所有的锅碗瓢盆都擦拭一新。 She refur
8、bished all the pots and pans. 我们的房子最近将进行翻修。 Our house will be refurbished in the near future. 他们与其他进出口公司恢复了联系。 They renewed contact with other import and export corporations. 我可以续借这本书吗? Can I renew this book? 我们必须革新我们的社会生活以适应时代的要求。 We must renovate our social life tokeep abreast of the times. 他们准备将旧
9、家具整修一番。 They are going to renovate the old furniture. 在文中的“刷新”跟这几个词都不太合适，因此把它译为“改变”alter 或者 change 都可 以。 “贴”有：paste; stick; “最为常见的是，一个人在路上走着走着，忽然停下来盯着手机屏幕发短信，” What is commonly seen is that a person suddenly stops to send short messages, with eyes fixed on the phone. （四） 温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的
10、结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。 加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足 3000 万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长 期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长 短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今 180 万温哥华居民中，有一半 不是在本地出生的，每 4 个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而 25 万华人对温哥华的经济转型起 着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近 5 年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外 最大的中国人聚居地。 （1）先把词汇搞清楚 （2）划分意群，确定句子的主干，确定主语、谓语 （3）注意时态和关系连词的使用 参考译文一 The
11、 glory of Vancouver has resulted from the wisdom and industriousness of the people in this city, including the contribution made by the multinationals there. Canada is a vast, sparsely populated country with its land area larger than that of China, and a population under 30 million. Since the intake
12、 of immigrants has long been the contrys national policy, you can say that all Canadians, except Indians, are from other countries though they came to this land in different years. And Vancouver is one of the very few multi-ethnic cities in the world, as half of its 1.8 million residents today were
13、born elsewhere, and one in every four of them is an Asian. The Chinese in Vancouver, totaling 250,000, have been playing a decisive role in the economic transformation in this city, for half of them have arrived just over the last five years, making the place the biggest Chinese community outside As
14、ia. 参考译文二The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the Vancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups. Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger than that of China, but its population is only less than 30 million. Consequently, to a
15、ttracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/followed/cherished by Canada. All Canadians except the American Indians, so to speak, are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. Vancouver, in particular, is one of th
16、e few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouvers economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver over the past five years only, rendering（making） Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese
