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1、Draft for Comments 3 July 2007 Worldwide Applications of Friction Stir Welding 1 Copyright 2007 TWI Ltd Worldwide Applications of Friction Stir Welding Stephan W Kallee 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents. 1 2. Introduction. 2 3. Shipbuilding . 3 3.1. Freezer Panels in Sweden. 3 3.2. Panels fo
2、r Deck and Wall Construction of High-Speed Ferries in Scandinavia . 3 3.3. Explosively Formed Hull of an Ocean Viewer Vessel in Australia . 5 3.4. Honeycomb Panels and Corrosion Resistant Panels in Japan. 6 3.5. Deck Panels for Civil and Military Ships in China. 7 3.6. Friction Stir Welding of Patro
3、l Vessels in New Zealand. 8 4. Aerospace. 10 4.1. Fuel Tanks for Spacecraft in the USA. 10 4.2. The first Flightworthy Parts of Cargo Aircraft built in the USA. 11 4.3. Aluminium Panels in Aircraft Production in the USA . 11 4.4. Longitudinal Friction Stir Welds in Fuselage Panels in Europe . 13 5.
4、Railway . 14 5.1. Rolling Stock in Japan and Europe. 14 5.2. Aluminium Panels for Rolling Stock in the European Railway Industry. 15 5.3. Friction Stir Welding of Rolling Stock in Japan. 16 5.4. Crashworthiness Investigations in Europe. 17 6. Automotive. 20 6.1. Closures, Tanks, Suspensions, Wheels
5、and Pistons by International Suppliers. 20 6.2. Exhaust Gas Recirculation Coolers in Germany. 23 7. Other Industry Sectors. 25 7.1. Industrial Use of FSW for the Production of Cathode Sheets in Austria. 25 8. Conclusions . 27 9. References. 27 Draft for Comments 3 July 2007 Worldwide Applications of
6、 Friction Stir Welding 2 Copyright 2007 TWI Ltd 2. Introduction Since the invention of friction stir welding at TWI in 19911,2, companies from all parts of the world have implemented the process, predominantly in the fabrication of aluminium components and panels. Trendsetters were the Scandinavian
7、aluminium extruders, who were in 1995 the first to apply the process commercially for the manufacture of hollow aluminium deep-freeze panels and for ship decks. In the railway rolling stock industry several companies now exploit the process, e.g. for the production of large prefabricated aluminium p
8、anels, which are made from aluminium extrusions. In the aerospace industry, large tanks for launch vehicles are being produced by FSW from high-strength aluminium alloys, and a Delta II rocket with a friction stir welded Interstage Module has successfully been launched in August 1999. Several compan
9、ies have obtained approval, to use FSW for the manufacture of lightweight aluminium airframe structures for commercial and military aircraft. The automotive industry uses FSW now in the high-volume production of components, e.g. light alloy wheels and fuel tanks. Currently 173 organisations hold non
10、-exclusive licences from TWI to use the process. Most of these licensees are industrial companies, who exploit the FSW process in commercial production, particularly in Japan, USA, China, Europe and Scandinavia. The following comments on cost savings have been published by users of the FSW process and speak for themselves: Ole Midling of Hydro Aluminium reported that at shipyards using prefabricated FSW panels the “improv
