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1、 西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 陕西省榆林市“十二五”污染减排对策研究 专 业： 环境科学环境科学 硕 士 生： 周周 璇璇 指导教师： 张承中张承中 教授教授 摘 要 污染减排是党中央、国务院高度重视的一项重大环境保护战略，是在环境与资源矛盾日益突出的困境中提出并实施的。“十一五”以来，各级政府的高度重视，工作力度的加大，使得污染减排取得一定的成效。进入“十二五”，污染减排指标的增加，领域的扩大以及工作的深入，使得污染减排任务较“十一五”更艰巨，压力更大。 本文对污染减排问题进行了深入的研究，以榆林能源化工基地为例，简要的总结了榆林地区“十一五”污染减排的完成情况， 同时对比榆林市“十二五”
2、末期的目标总量控制，即COD为9800t/a，N-NH3为141t/a，2SO为9.42万t/a，xNO为10.03万t/a,利用波士顿经验曲线预测了在不同的GDP增速下，榆林市“十二五”期间污染物的排放量。当GDP增速为14%时，2SO预测排放量为27.70万t，xNO预测排放量为20.69万t，COD预测排放量为5.11万t，N-NH3预测排放量为9430.5t；当GDP增速为10%时，2SO预测排放量为26.08万t，xNO预测排放量为18.13万t，COD预测排放量为4.95万t，N-NH3预测排放量为8336.07t；当GDP增速为7%时，2SO预测排放量为24.88万t，xNO预测
3、排放量为16.215万t，COD预测排放量为4.83万t，N-NH3预测排放量为7515.25t。 同时利用环境容量的模型计算得出榆林地区“十二五”期间主要污染物的容量总量控制目标：COD为9353.52t/a，N-NH3为408.08t/a，2SO为28.09万t/a，xNO为36.855万t/a，各项容量总量控制指标均大于目标总量控制指标（COD除外），分析得出，榆林市水环境承载力严重不足，水污染物总量控制目标的实现难度大于大气污染物总量控制目标的实现。选取了榆林市支柱产业进行代谢与清洁生产水平的分析，得出了榆林市的产业能耗高、污染物排放量大。同时计算得出通过提高清洁生产水平而减少的污染物
4、排放量，计算结果显示提高清洁生产和装备水平并不能解决污染减排的全部问题，必须联合三大减排手段，同时调整三产结构，从根本上确保污染减排目标的实现。计算得出当GDP增西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 速为7%时，三大减排手段和提升至二级清洁生产水平后削减的2SO量为10.20万t，占总需削减量的65.98%，削减的xNO量为5.44万t，占总需削减量的87.95%；三大减排手段和提升至一级清洁生产水平后削减的2SO量为10.38万t，占总需削减量的67.14%，削减的xNO量为5.78万t，占总需削减量的93.45%。通过分析最终得出适合榆林地区污染减排的路子，即依靠科技支撑体系联合三大减排手段，限制
5、第二产业的发展速度和规模，提升产业的装备水平，走科技减排之路，加快饮水和节水工程的建设，从根本上缓解水供需矛盾。 关键词关键词：污染减排；目标总量控制；容量总量控制；代谢分析；清洁生产 西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 The“Twelfth Five-Year”pollution reduction countermeasures of Yulin city in Shanxi province Major:Environmental Science M.S Candidate: Zhou Xuan Advisor: Professor Zhang Chengzhong Abstract Pol
6、lution reduction is the CPC Central Committee and State Council attach great importance to a major environmental protection strategy, is suggested and implemented in the plight of the environment and resources have become increasingly prominent. Since the “Eleventh Five-Year “, all levels government
7、s attach great importance and increase efforts the pollution reduction to achieve certain results. Enter the “Twelfth Five-Year”, the pollution reduction index increases, the expansion of the fields, and the work in depth, making the pollution reduction task more difficult, more pressure than “Eleve
8、nth Five-Year”. In this paper have intensive study in the pollution reduction. Take Yulin energy chemical industry base for example, briefly summing up the completion of Yulin region pollution reduction in “Eleventh Five-Year “, meanwhile contrast the goal of “ Twelfth Five-Year “total control ,COD
9、is 9800t/a, N-NH3 is 141 t/a, 2SO is 94200 t/a, xNO is 100300 t/a，also is then take the BCG Experience Curve to predict Yulin “Twelfth Five-Year” pollutant emissions in different GDP growth. When the growth of GDP is 14%, forecast the 2SO emissions is 277000 tons, thexNO emissions is 206900 tons, th
10、e COD emissions is 51100 tons, the N-NH3 emissions is 9430.5 tons. When the growth of GDP is 10%, forecast the 2SO emissions is 260800 tons, the xNO emissions is 181300 tons, the COD emissions is 49500 tons, the N-NH3 emissions is 8336.07 tons. When the growth of GDP is 7%,forecast the 2SO emissions
11、 is 248800 tons, thexNO emissions is 162150 tons, the COD emissions is 48300 tons, the N-NH3 emissions is 7515.25 tons. At the same time, use the model of the 西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 environment capacity to calculated the goal of the “Twelfth Five-Year” major pollutants in Yulin city. The amount of COD is 93
12、53.53 t/a, N-NH3 is 408.08 t/a, 2SO is 280900 t/a, xNO is 368550 t/a, the capacity index are greater than the goal of total control targets( expect COD ). The analysis reveals that the serious shortage of water environmental carrying capacity in Yulin city, to achieve the water pollution total disch
13、arge control targets is more difficult than the realization of the goals of air pollutant emission control. Select the pillar industry in Yulin city to analysis the industry metabolism and clean production, then come to the conclusion is Yulin industry are in high energy consumption level and pollut
14、ant emissions. Meanwhile calculated by improving the level and reduce the cleaner production of pollutants, the computation result shows that improve the clean production and the equipment level cant solve all the problems of pollution reduction, therefore must be joined three reduction methods, and
15、 adjust the structure of the industry to ensure the achieve the goal of the pollution reduction. When GDP growth was 7 %, the big three reduction method and improve the cleaner production level to 2 the amount of cuts for 2SO is 102000 t, accounting for 65.98% of the need to cut the amounts; and the
16、 amount of cuts for xNOis 54400 t, accounting for 87.95% of the need to cut the amounts; The big three reduction method and improve the cleaner production level to 1 the amount of cuts for 2SO is 103800 t, accounting for 67.14% of the need to cut the amount of cuts ; and the amounts for xNOis 57800 t, accounting for 93.45% of the need to cut the amounts. Finally through the analysis to find out the suitable pollution reduction pathway in Yulin region, which is rely on scientific a
